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Chapter 2
Multiple Choice
1. ___ are one of the cell types composing the nervous system.
A) Soma
B) Neurons (*)
C) Mitochondria
D) Myelin
2. William, a philosophy major, asked Ian the psychology major what type of cell contributes the most to
Ian’s “being” who he is. Without hesitation, Ian replied:
A) Nerves
B) Brain cells
C) Neurons (*)
D) Somatic cells
3. Cells that convey environmental information; carry out the functions underlying thought, emotion, and
movements; and transmit commands out to the body’s organs and muscles are called:
A) Neurons (*)
B) Dendrites
C) Supporting cells
D) Phagocytes
4. ___ neurons control movements and actions of organs.
A) Phasic
B) Inter-
C) Motor (*)
D) Sensory
5. Neurons make up only about % of the cells in the brain and about of its volume.
A) 25, one-third
B) 10, one-half (*)
C) 90, three-quarters
D) 33, one-third
6. Ninety percent of the cells in the brain are:
A) Neurons
B) Glial cells (*)
C) Axonic cells
D) Dendritic cells
7. The most important supporting cells of the brain are the:
A) Neurons
B) Glia (*)
C) Neurofilaments
D) Schwann cells
8. About how many neurons are found in the human brain?
A) 10 million
B) 1 billion
C) 100 billion (*)
D) 10 trillion
9. ___ have a branched structure and receive stimulation from other neurons.
A) Dendrites (*)
B) Axons
C) Glial cells
D) Soma
10. The dendrites of a neuron:
A) Transmit information to the cell body (*)
B) Provide the life processes of the cell
C) Transmit neural impulses to the terminal buttons
D) Release neurotransmitters
11. The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus is called the:
A) Axon
B) Soma (*)
C) Dendrite
D) Mitochondrion
12. The largest part of a neuron is the:
A) Soma (*)
B) Axon
C) Terminal
D) Dendritic process
13. The soma of a neuron contains the:
A) Glial material
B) Neurotransporters
C) Neural receptors
D) Nucleus (*)
14. The part of a neuron that transmits information over long distances is the:
A) Soma
B) Axon (*)
C) Dendrite
D) Synapse
15. Axons in a human can be anywhere from ___ to more than ___ in length.
A) 3 centimeters, 1 meter
B) 1 meter, 2 meters
C) 1 millimeter, 50 meters
D) 0.1 millimeter, 1 meter (*)
16. ___ can be long enough to provide a direct connection between the spinal cord and the toes of a
giraffe.
A) Interneurons
B) Projection neurons
C) Axons (*)
D) Dendrites
17. The axon of a neuron:
A) Ends in swellings known as terminals (*)
B) Controls the life processes of the cell
C) Insulates the brain’s electrical signals
D) Contains the cell’s nucleus
18. The connection point between two neurons is called the:
A) Terminal
B) Axon
C) Soma
D) Synapse (*)
19. If you could surgically remove a single neuron from the brain and place it on a slide, what structure(s)
would you have to destroy?
A) Soma
B) Axon
C) Synapses (*)
D) Dendrites
20. Sensory neurons:
A) Control muscles and produce movement
B) Send messages away from the brain toward the periphery
C) Gather information from the environment and convey it into the central nervous system (*)
D) Have cell bodies covered with myelin
21. In motor neurons, the axon and the dendrites branch out from the soma in many directions, giving this
type of neuron the designation of a ___ neuron.
A) multi-fibered motor
B) unipolar
C) bipolar
D) multipolar (*)
22. A ___ neuron gives rise to an axon and to the dendritic processes from opposite ends of the soma.
A) motor
B) unipolar
C) bipolar (*)
D) multipolar
23. A ___ neuron’s soma gives rise to a short stalk that divides into two branches.
A) unifibered
B) unipolar (*)
C) bipolar
D) multipolar
24. Motor neurons are typically ___ while sensory neurons are typically either ___ or ___ neurons.
A) unipolar; multipolar, bipolar
B) multipolar; unipolar, bipolar (*)
C) bipolar; unipolar, bipolar
D) bipolar; multipolar, unipolar
25. A(n) ___ would be found bridging between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron in the spinal cord.
A) glial neuron
B) projection
C) interneuron (*)
D) multipolar
26. Many business deals involve a “middle man” who communicates between buyer and seller. The
“middle man” between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron is a(n):
A) Synapse
B) Projection neuron
C) Glial cell
D) Interneuron (*)
27. The most common type of neuron in the brain is the ___.
A) motor neuron
B) unipolar neuron
C) interneuron (*)
D) multipolar neuron
28. The cell membrane of a neuron is a double layer made up of:
A) Protein and connective tissue
B) Protein and lipid (fat) (*)
C) Lipid (fat) and connective tissue
D) Intracellular material and extracellular material
29. Which of the statements about cell membranes is not correct?
A) They contain specialized protein channels
B) They are made of two layers of lipids
C) Many millennia ago they were free-living single-celled organisms (*)
D) They define cell boundaries
30. The lipids that compose the cell membrane are arranged with “heads” and “tails” such that:
A) The “heads” are in contact with extracellular and intracellular fluid and the “tails” oriented
away from these fluids (*)
B) The “tails” are in contact with extracellular and intracellular fluid and the “heads” oriented
away from these fluids
C) Half of all “heads” and “tails” are in contact with extracellular fluid
D) Both “heads” and “tails” are in contact with intracellular fluid
31. The seawater-like solution inside neurons and bathing their outside are known respectively as:
A) Extracellular and intracellular fluid
B) Intracellular and extracellular fluid (*)
C) Cellular and extracellular fluid
D) Intramembrane and extramembrane fluid
32. The fact that the cell membrane is highly permeable to some substances and much less so to other
substances is one variable underlying the cell being ___.
A) potentialized
B) polarized (*)
C) hyperpolarized
D) viable
33. One function of the specialized protein channels in a cell membrane is to:
A) Selectively allow substances to enter or leave the cell (*)
B) Provide oxygen and nutrients for the cell
C) Package neurotransmitters
D) Form an impermeable barrier to all substances foreign to the cell
34. When it is said that the cell membrane has a difference in electrical charge between its inside and the
outside, this means the membrane is:
A) Potentialized
B) Polarized (*)
C) Hyperpolarized
D) Viable
35. When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the neuron:
A) Is negatively charged with respect to the outside (*)
B) Is positively charged with respect to the outside
C) Is not charged
D) Converts potential energy into chemical energy
36. The ___ is the difference in electrical potential between the inside and outside of an inactive neuron.
A) action potential
B) resting potential (*)
C) threshold of excitation
D) reaction potential
37. The resting membrane potential is:
A) A function of anions concentrated inside the cell
B) Positive inside with respect to outside
C) The result of a freely permeable membrane
D) The difference in electrical charge inside and outside the inactive neuron (*)
38. ___ are charged atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons.
A) Ions (*)
B) Polarizations
C) Electrolytes
D) Positrons
39. Sodium ions are most concentrated in the ___ fluid.
A) intracellular
B) extracellular (*)
C) intracellular and extracellular
D) polarized
40. Potassium ions are most concentrated in the ___ fluid.
A) intracellular (*)
B) extracellular
C) intracellular and extracellular
D) non-polarized
41. Chloride ions and anions are most concentrated in the:
A) Intracellular fluid
B) Extracellular fluid
C) Extracellular and intracellular fluid, respectively (*)
D) Depolarized fluid
42. The condition in which ions of a similar charge repel each other and thus spread evenly through a
solution is called:
A) Electrostatic pressure (*)
B) The resting potential
C) Repulsion
D) The rate of diffusion
43. The force by which high concentrations of ions disperse away from each other and thus spread evenly
through a solution is called:
A) Electrostatic pressure
B) Force of diffusion (*)
C) Repulsion
D) The law of electrostatic repulsion
44. ___ tend to exit a neuron based on weaker electrostatic pressure than their force of diffusion.
A) Chloride ions
B) Sodium ions
C) Potassium ions (*)
D) Protein anions
45. ___ would tend to move into the neuron based on both their electrostatic pressure and force of
diffusion.
A) Chloride ions
B) Sodium ions (*)
C) Potassium ions
D) Protein anions
46. Much to your delight, your family puts in a backyard swimming pool and your dog sips from it as it is
filled with fresh water. However, much to his dismay, you throw a blue dye tablet in the deep end. As
the blue dye slowly disperses from the deep end, your dog drinks farther and farther from where the
dye is being introduced. Your dog changes his drinking places because of the blue dye’s:
A) Electrostatic pressure.
B) Diffusion gradient
C) Force of diffusion (*)
D) Different polarization of dye versus water
47. The sodium-potassium pump forces sodium ions ___ the cell and potassium ions___ the cell.
A) into, into
B) into, out of
C) out of; out of
D) out of, into (*)
48. In a resting neuron, which force pushes potassium ions into the cell?
A) The sodium-potassium pump (*)
B) Diffusion
C) The action potential
D) Saltatory conduction
49. The sodium-potassium pump forces ___sodium ions ___ the cell for every ___ potassium ions ___ the
cell.
A) 3; into; 2; into
B) 2; into; 3; out of (*)
C) 3; out of; 1; out of
D) 3; out of; 2; into
50. The sodium-potassium pump accounts for ___ of the neuron’s energy expenditure.
A) 75%
B) 40% (*)
C) 25%
D) 10%
51. While taking her GRE exam, LaFawnduh was concentrating so hard it almost hurt and the test left her
feeling exhausted. A very large share of the energy LaFawnduh expended in her “mental efforts” was
consumed by the ___ in her nervous system.
A) neurons (*)
B) stress hormones
C) sodium-potassium pump
D) mitochondria
52. The ___ is the neuron’s means of transmitting information over long distances.
A) depolarizing potential
B) repolarization
C) action potential (*)
D) graded potential
53. The term depolarization refers to:
A) A change in the resting neuron’s polarity away from zero
B) A change in the resting neuron’s polarity toward zero (*)
C) Conduction of the graded potential
D) Changes in conduction capability in myelinated axons
54. The depolarization arriving at an axon from a dendrite is called a ___ potential because it can ___.
A) action; transmit information
B) graded; vary in speed
C) graded; vary in magnitude (*)
D) ionic; trigger an action potential
55. If the partial depolarization arriving at an axon is sufficiently large, typically ___ or more, it can cause
normally closed sodium ion channels to open.
A) 5mV
B) 40mV
C) 30mV
D) 10mV (*)
56. When depolarization of the cell membrane reaches threshold, which of the following occurs?
A) Opening of sodium ion channels (*)
B) Opening of chloride ion channels
C) A negative shift in the resting potential
D) Opening of potassium ion channels
57. A brief, rapid reversal of the neuron’s potential from –70mV to +30 or +40 mV and back indicates:
A) Sustained membrane reversal
B) A hyperpolarization
C) An action potential (*)
D) A refractory period
58. The change in electrical charge from –70 mV to the peak of the action potential is due to ___ and the
change in electrical charge from the peak of +30 or +40 mV back to –70 mV is due to___.
A) inflow of chloride ions, outflow of sodium ions
B) inflow of potassium ions, outflow of sodium ions
C) inflow of sodium ions, outflow of sodium ions
D) inflow of sodium ions, outflow of potassium ions (*)
59. What ionic movement is responsible for pulling the membrane potential back to a negative voltage
during an action potential?
A) Sodium ions move into the cell.
B) Potassium ions move into the cell.
C) Protein anions move out of the cell.
D) Potassium ions move out of the cell. (*)
60. An action potential from beginning to end lasts about:
A) 1 second
B) 1 millisecond (*)
C) 1 microsecond
D) 10 milliseconds
61. The action potential spreads through an axon by:
A) Depolarizing adjacent membrane to threshold, triggering another action potential (*)
B) Inflow of potassium ions and outflow of sodium ions
C) A non-decremental of graded potential
D) A decremental of graded potential
62. When an axon transmits action potentials:
A) Nothing physically moves down the axon (*)
B) Electricity flows from one end of the axon to the other
C) Neurochemicals flow from one end of the axon to the other
D) The sodium-potassium pump pushes ions down the axon
63. Graded potentials decrease in size as they spread; the term for this is:
A) Non-decremental
B) All or none
C) Decremental (*)
D) Graded polarization
64. Partial depolarizations fade in intensity the farther they are from the point of maximal voltage change;
these depolarizations are known as:
A) Small scale potentials
B) Micro potentials
C) Graded potentials (*)
D) Nano potentials
65. Sarah threw rocks of different sizes into a pond. Just as ripple size was a function of size of rock,
graded potentials ___ as a function of stimulus intensity.
A) vary in inverse magnitude
B) vary along an exponential continuum
C) vary in magnitude (*)
D) are a graded percentage
66. Electricity flowing in power lines drops in voltage over distance, requiring your power company to
use transformers to boost the voltage back to the original amplitude. This loss over distance is similar
to the behavior of ___ potentials.
A) hyperpolarizing
B) non-decremental
C) action
D) graded (*)
67. An action potential occurs at a specific amplitude for that neuron, regardless of the stimulus intensity
or how much higher than threshold the stimulus is; this is known as the:
A) Principle of mass action
B) All-or-none law (*)
C) Rate law
D) Law of equipotentiality
68. Which of the following concepts does the all-or-none law describe?
A) All dendrites must be hyperpolarized before a neuron fires.
B) All neurons in a nerve fire or none of them fires.
C) The size of an action potential does not depend on the amplitude of the stimulus that started
it. (*)
D) The frequency at which a neuron fires is independent of the intensity of the stimulus.
69. Local anesthetics work via ___, while general anesthetics have the effect of ___.
A) attaching to and blocking potassium ion channels, opening sodium ion channels
B) attaching to and blocking sodium ion channels, opening potassium ion channels (*)
C) opening TDT channels, blocking TDT channels
D) opening chloride ion channels, blocking potassium ion channels
70. When you feel the lingering numbness of the “local” the dentist gave you, the biopsychology student
knows the effects are due to the chemical anesthetic effects of:
A) Blocking sodium ion channels (*)
B) Preventing neurotransmitter release
C) Producing hyperpolarizations on an afferent neuron
D) Producing prolonged refractory periods
71. Most local anesthetics work by ___; some general anesthetics have the effect of ___.
A) preventing neurons from depolarizing, increasing the hyperpolarization of neurons (*)
B) putting axons to sleep, putting the brain to sleep
C) preventing concentration gradients, increasing electrical gradients
D) increasing the polarization of neurons, preventing depolarizing
72. Bob was given a general anesthetic; he knew that while most local anesthetics work by ___, this
general anesthetic possibly ___.
A) opening chloride ion channels, opened potassium ion channels
B) blocking sodium ion channels, blocked potassium ion channels
C) blocking sodium ion channels, opened chloride ion channels
D) blocking sodium ion channels, opened potassium ion channels (*)
73. Tetrodotoxin is a deadly poison because it blocks:
A) Sodium ion channels (*)
B) Potassium ion channels
C) TDT channels
D) Chloride ion channels
74. Various toxins from snakes, scorpions, and fish are called ___ because of their sites of action in the
nervous system.
A) neural blockers
B) neuroantagonists
C) neurotoxins (*)
D) nociceptors
75. As the snake that bit him slithered away, Captain Jones remembered that a poisonous species could
kill by blocking either his ___ or his ___.
A) sodium ion channels, calcium ion channels
B) potassium ion channels, chloride ion channels
C) calcium ion channels, chloride ion channels
D) sodium ion channels, potassium ion channels (*)
76. Medical researchers are interested in the toxins of cone snails for potential new treatments for ___ as
well as ___.
A) pain, cancer
B) addictions, pain relief
C) pain, epilepsy (*)
D) epilepsy, addictions
77. Medical researchers are focusing on the toxins of cone snails for several novel treatments because of
the toxin’s effects on:
A) Sodium ion channels
B) Potassium ion channels
C) Neurotransmitter receptors
D) All of the above (*)
78. After learning about the suffering of people with untreatable chronic pain, Amanda was encouraged by
what researchers are learning about:
A) New alternative mind-body interventions
B) Neuro-feedback
C) Cone snail toxins (*)
D) Genetically modified botulinum toxin
79. You will find very few sushi bars that will serve fugu because:
A) Few non-Japanese diners like the taste
B) It is far too expensive for most sushi shops to offer as regular fare
C) It can kill if carelessly prepared (*)
D) It is a source of botulinum toxin
80. Next time you are enjoying your sushi, try to avoid thinking about the ___ diners who have died from
eating fugu.
A) few dozen
B) urban legends of
C) few thousand (*)
D) few million
81. The gourmet diner who wants to play Russian roulette with his or her dinner might choose to dine on
___, which if improperly prepared might contain a powerful and fatal neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin.
A) fugu (*)
B) sushi
C) umami
D) focaccia
82. Which statement characterizes the absolute refractory period?
A) The neuron cannot fire again because the potassium channels are unable to open
B) The neuron cannot fire again because the sodium channels are unable to open (*)
C) The neuron can fire again but only to a stronger than threshold stimulus
D) The neuron can fire again but only at a much slower rate
83. Which statement characterizes the relative refractory period?
A) The neuron cannot fire again because the potassium channels are unable to open
B) The neuron cannot fire again because the sodium channels are unable to open
C) The neuron can fire again but only to a stronger than threshold stimulus (*)
D) The neuron can fire again but only at a much slower rate
84. Implication(s) of the absolute refractory period:
A) A limit on how frequently action potentials can occur
B) An action potential will produce additional action potentials only in front of it
C) A narrow range of rates of firing for neurons
D) All of the above (*)
85. Which of the following explains a neuron’s means of encoding various intensities of stimuli?
A) Passive conduction
B) Decremental conduction
C) All-or-none law
D) Rate law (*)
86. After Debbie’s car accident, as the doctor asked her if it hurt here or if it hurt when he pressed this
hard, Debbie understood why she could tell the differences in amount of pressure the doctor used; her
sensory neurons coded the different pressures via:
A) Different magnitude action potentials
B) Differences in threshold
C) Different neurotransmitters
D) Different rates of firing in neurons (*)
87. When you call your sleeping dog, his eyelids flutter; you call louder and his ears perk up; you call
even louder and he wakes up. This is because:
A) Different types of stimuli produce responses in different neurons
B) Different stimulus intensities activate different neurons
C) Greater stimulus intensities activate glial cells as well as neurons
D) Greater stimulus intensities produce higher rates of action potentials (*)
88. In the psychology office, the more urgent the memorandum, the more likely it will be assigned to the
secretary who can type the fastest. As urgency of memo relates to the work being done by the person
who types the fastest rate of words per minute, so does stimulus intensity relate to:
A) Rate of neurotransmitter release
B) Rate of neuronal firing per second (*)
C) Speed of action potential
D) Magnitude of action potential
89. The speed of neural conduction is most similar to the speed of:
A) Light
B) Sound (*)
C) Electrical current
D) A person walking or running
90. Just as many people want to mistakenly compare the brain’s “information processing” capability and
speed to that of a computer, the speed of neural impulses is often erroneously compared to the:
A) Speed of light
B) Speed of sound
C) Speed of electrical current (*)
D) The average reaction time for an average adult human
91. The conduction speed of neurons is largely a function of:
A) Axon length and axon diameter
B) Axon diameter and number of ion channels
C) Axon diameter and myelination (*)
D) Axon length and myelination
92. With a bigger fire, a larger diameter water hose will be needed to put out more water per second.
Likewise, ___ axons have evolved to provide less resistance to the conduction of neural potentials.
A) shorter
B) thinner
C) thicker (*)
D) denser
93. The cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system are called:
A) Ranvier cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes (*)
D) Schwann cells
94. The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system are called:
A) Ranvier cells
B) Node cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells (*)
95. The gaps in the myelin sheaths on axons are known as:
A) Synapses of myelin
B) Nodes of Schwann
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Nodes of Ranvier (*)
96. Which of the following statements about neuronal conduction in myelinated neurons is not correct?
A) Energy is saved by myelination.
B) Thicker myelination on axons results in a slower conduction of action potentials. (*)
C) Conduction speed is much faster in myelinated axons.
D) Myelinated axons use saltatory conduction.
97. In a myelinated neuron, the action potential:
A) Travels more slowly than in an unmyelinated neuron
B) Jumps from synapse to synapse
C) Is conducted down the uninsulated parts of the dendrites
D) Travels faster than in an unmyelinated neuron (*)
98. The effect of myelination on an axon’s conduction speed is the equivalent of increasing an axon’s
diameter by:
A) 10 times
B) 25 times
C) 100 times (*)
D) 2.5 times
99. Saltatory conduction occurs only in:
A) Myelinated dendrites
B) Myelinated axons (*)
C) Unmyelinated dendrites
D) Unmyelinated neurons
100.Where can sodium ions enter a myelinated axon?
A) At the soma
B) Through the myelin sheath
C) At the nodes of Ranvier (*)
D) At the point at which the axon divides and branches
101.The fact that action potentials occur only at the nodes of Ranvier is the basis for:
A) Increased energy consumption in myelinated neurons
B) Saltatory conduction (*)
C) Slower conduction speed in myelinated neurons
D) Faster conduction speeds in unmyelinated neurons
102.As Francine slowly lost motor function and suffered increasing sensory deficits, she could almost
picture her ___ being destroyed by the ___.
A) glial cells; antibodies
B) myelin; macrophages
C) myelin; multiple sclerosis (*)
D) axons; multiple sclerosis
103.As the action potential is conducted down the axon it:
A) Increases in size
B) Decreases in size
C) Remains constant in size (*)
D) Decreases conduction velocity
104.A movement of the resting membrane potential from -70 mV to -65 mV would be termed a(n):
A) Hyperpolarization
B) Hypopolarization (*)
C) Action potential
D) Superthreshold depolarization
105.A movement of the resting membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n):
A) Hyperpolarization (*)
B) Hypopolarization
C) Action potential
D) Threshold depolarization
106.Myelinated axons consume less energy than unmyelinated axons because:
A) Action potentials occur faster
B) The sodium potassium pumps have less work to do (*)
C) Graded potentials do not consume energy
D) The sodium potassium pumps are more efficient on these neurons
107.A disease that destroys myelin is:
A) Alzheimer’s disease
B) Multiple sclerosis (*)
C) Parkinson’s disease
D) Neuropathy
108.Loss of myelin from neurons would be expected to:
A) Speed up neuronal conduction
B) Greatly impair neuronal conduction (*)
C) Increase the amplitude of the action potential
D) Prevent the removal of dead nerve cells in the brain
109.Glial cells:
A) Guide new neurons in fetal development
B) Stimulate the development of synapses
C) Clean up cellular debris
D) All of the above (*)
110.Glial cells are now known to release neurotransmitters such as ___as part of a modulating effect upon
___ activity.
A) glutamate; presynaptic (*)
B) glutamate; postsynaptic
C) GABA; presynaptic
D) GABA; postsynaptic
111.All of the following are functions of glial cells except:
A) Insulating axons
B) Removing debris
C) Supplying neurons with protein production sites (*)
D) Guiding the movement of neurons during prenatal development
112.Who first observed that individual neurons were in chemical contact with each other?
A) Golgi
B) Loewi (*)
C) Cajal
D) Ranvier
113.The gap between two adjacent neurons was first observed by___. Later, this gap was named the ___.
A) Golgi, synapse
B) Loewi, synaptic cleft
C) Cajal, synaptic cleft (*)
D) Ranvier, synapse
114.Who first observed that neurons communicate at the synapse via chemicals?
A) Golgi
B) Loewi (*)
C) Cajal
D) Fugu
115.If you have ever awoken from sleep to scribble down a brilliant idea, you can probably relate to ___,
whose own sleep was interrupted with notes with an insight about ___.
A) Cajal; synaptic structures
B) Golgi; chemical transmission at the synapse
C) Loewi; chemical transmission at the synapse (*)
D) Cajal; chemical transmission at the synapse
116.Where are vesicles stored?
A) The soma
B) The axon terminals (*)
C) The synapse
D) The synaptic cleft
117.After a few too many cups of coffee and having to find a restroom, Sal ironically remembered the
meaning of the term vesicle, as in:
A) “Need to urinate”
B) “Full bladder”
C) “Little bladder” (*)
D) “Need to release”
118.The axon terminals of neurons:
A) Supply the cell with nutrients and oxygen
B) Provide insulation
C) Send electrical impulses
D) Release neurotransmitters from vesicles (*)
119.___ are released from axon terminals and are detected by protein receptors on an adjacent neuron.
A) Hormones
B) Neurotransmitters (*)
C) Neurotoxins
D) Pheromones
120.The release of neurotransmitter from axon terminals into the synaptic cleft depends on:
A) The inflow of chloride ions
B) The opening of nodes of Ranvier
C) Reversal of the sodium-potassium pump
D) The entry of calcium ions from the extracellular fluid (*)
121.While wiping away a “milk moustache,” Nathan thought that not only does milk do a body good, but
___ is necessary for ___.
A) calcium ion intake; neurotransmitter release (*)
B) calcium ion outflow; neurotransmitter release
C) calcium ion intake; neurotransmitter docking
D) calcium ion intake; neurotransmitter reuptake
122.The neurotransmitter fits into a very precisely shaped location on the postsynaptic neuron called a:
A) Ion channel
B) Receptor (*)
C) Neurotransmitter cleft
D) Synaptic cleft
123.The relationship between a neurotransmitter and its receptor is akin to a:
A) Hand and a glove
B) Hammer hitting a nail
C) Bug hitting a windshield
D) Key fitting into a lock (*)
124.The neurotransmitter docks with a receptor site and:
A) Opens ion channels directly or indirectly (*)
B) Opens ion channels directly
C) Induces ionic exchange between neurons
D) Initiates an action potential
125.Neurotransmitters that open ion channels do so by docking on ___.
A) the ion channel
B) a chemical receptor (*)
C) an electrical receptor
