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Chapter 2

Constitutional Law

 

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

 

1. Aconfederal form of government is a confederation of independent states with a central government of very limited powers.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

2. In a country with a federal form of government, the national government and the states share sovereign power.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

3. All powers not specifically delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

4. The checks and balances in the U.S. Constitution prevent any one branch of government from exercising too much power.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

5. Under the Constitution, the judicial branch interprets the laws.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

6. Under the Constitution, the judicial branch is responsible for foreign affairs.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      34                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

7. The President determines the jurisdiction of the federal courts.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

8. The President appoints federal judges with the advice and consent of the Senate.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

9. The judicial branch has the power to hold actions of the other branches of government unconstitutional.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

10. Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution permits Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      35                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

11. At least in theory,Congress can regulate every commercial enterprise in the United States.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      35                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

12. Under their police powers, states can regulate only public activities, such as political demonstrations.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      37                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

13. When there is a direct conflict between a federal and a state law, the state law is rendered invalid.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

14. Preemption occurs when Congress chooses to act exclusively in a concurrent area and a valid federal statue or regulation takes precedence over a conflicting state or local law.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

15. The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reserves all powers not delegated to the national government to the states.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      38                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

16. The Bill of Rights protects individuals against types of interference by the federal government.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

17. The Fifth Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of persons or property.

 

ANSWER:     F                                                 38                                               N

BUSPROG: Analytic

18. The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail and fines, as well as cruel and unusual punishment.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

19. Symbolic speech is defined as nonverbal expressions of belief and is protected by the First Amendment.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      40                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

20. A restriction on commercial speech is valid as long as it forbids only the expression of views on controversial issues.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      44                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

21. The First Amendment protectscorporate political speech.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      44                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

22. The First Amendment protects defamatory speech.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      45                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

23. The Children’s Internet Protection Act requires public schools and libraries to use filtering software to block children’s access to adult contact on Web sites.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      46                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

24. The First Amendment requires a complete separation of church and state.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      47                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

25. The establishment clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the federal government from establishing a state-sponsored religion.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      47                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

26. A law that has any impact on religion is unconstitutional.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      47                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

27. The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees a right to due process of law.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      49                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

28. Procedural due process requires that any government decision to take a person’s property must be made fairly.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      49                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

29. Substantive due process focuses on the substance of legislation.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      50                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

30. The terms ―due process‖ and ―equal protection‖ mean the same thing.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      50                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

31. A law that limits only some persons’ exercise of a fundamental right is valid under any circumstances.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      50                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

32. A law that limits the liberty of all persons may violate substantive due process.

 

ANSWER:     F                                                 50                                               N

BUSPROG: Analytic

33. A law that restricts people of a certain national origin from doing something will be carefully examined to make sure it promotes a compelling government interest before it is allowed to stand.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      50                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

34. Because the Constitution does not specifically a right to privacy, this right is denied to people.

 

ANSWER:     F                               PAGE:      51                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

35. Individuals have a right to obtain access to information about them collected in government files.

 

ANSWER:      T                              PAGE:      52                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

 

1. The Financial Institutions Association would like a certain law enacted, administered, interpreted, and enforced in the best interest of its members, which include banks. Under the Constitution, Congress

 

1. administers the laws.
2. enforces the laws.
3. interprets the laws.
4. makes the laws.

 

ANSWER:     D                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

2. The Constitution sets out the authority and the limits of the branches of the government. The term checks and balances means that

 

1. Congress writes checks and the other branches balance the budget.
2. each branch has some power to limit the actions of the others.
3. the courts balance their authority to the other branches’ checklists.
4. the president ―checks‖ the courts, which ―balance‖ the laws.

 

ANSWER:     B                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:       +

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

3. Antonin, a federal judge, retires. The vacant position will be filled by a judge

 

1. appointed by the United States Supreme Court.
2. elected by voters.
3. appointed by the President.
4. appointed by Congress.

 

ANSWER:     C                              PAGE:      34                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

4. The commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution is found in

 

8. Article I, Section 8.
9. Article I, Section 2.
10. Article VIII, Section 1.
11. Article II, Section 8.

 

ANSWER:     A                              PAGE:      35                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

5. South Dakota, like other states, may regulate private activities to protect or promote the public order, health, safety, and general welfare under

 

1. the state’s police powers.
2. thedormantcommerce clause.
3. the due process clause.
4. the free exercise clause.

 

ANSWER:     A                                                37                                               +

BUSPROG: Reflective

6. Tami’s Tasty Tacos, a fast food outfit, files a suit against the state of Texas, claiming that a Texas state law violates the commerce clause. The court will agree if the statute imposes a substantial burden on

 

1. a local government.
2. interstate commerce.
3. noneconomic activity.
4. the state.

 

ANSWER:     B                              PAGE:      37                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

7. The commerce clause’s express grant of exclusive authority to regulate commerce that substantially affects trade and commerce among states is referred to as the

 

1. dormant aspect of the commerce clause.
2. positive aspect of the commerce clause.
3. negative aspect of the commerce clause.
4. exclusive aspect of the commerce clause.

 

ANSWER:     B                              PAGE:      37                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

8. Congress enacts a law that sets out a rigorous medical-device premarket approval process for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to follow. The law includes a preemption provision. Moe is injured by a device that underwent the process and files a claim under New Hampshire state law to recover for the injury. The court will most likely rule that

 

1. Moe’s state law claim preempts the federal law.
2. the federal law and state law claim are concurrent.
3. the federal and state law claim cancel each other out.
4. the federal law preempts Moe’s state law claim.

 

ANSWER:     D                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

 

9. Savers Mart, Inc., distributes its merchandise to retail outlets on an interstate basis.Under the commerce clause, Congress has the power to regulate

 

1. any commercial activity in the United States.
2. only activities that are in intrastate commerce.
3. only activities that are in local commerce.
4. only activities that are not in commerce.

 

ANSWER:     A                               PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Legal

 

10. Congress enacts a law prohibiting toys made in China from being sold in the United States. The Hawaii state legislature enacts a law allowing the sale of Chinese-made toys. Hawaii’s law will most likely be struck down under

 

1. the commerce clause.
2. the equal protection clause.
3. thedue process power.
4. the supremacy clause.

 

ANSWER:     D                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

11. Don, a U.S. citizen, is the owner of Egrets Unlimited, Inc. Egret’s competitors include Feathered Friends Company (FFC), which is owned by Greg and Huey. The Bill of Rights embodies a series of protections for Don against types of interference by

 

1. FFC and its other competitors only.
2. FFC, Greg, Huey, others, and the government.
3. Greg, Huey, and other private individuals only.
4. the government only.

 

ANSWER:     D                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

12. A federal law regarding the labeling of pesticides directly conflicts with a state law. The state law will be rendered invalid due to the

 

1. the supremacy clause.
2. the commerce clause.
3. the federal spending power.
4. the First Amendment.

 

ANSWER:     A                               PAGE:      38                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

13. Martin, a U.S. citizen, feels that a recently enacted federal law is unfair. He assembles a group of friends and they write a petition to the government. Martin and friends then stand quietly in front of the White House with signs declaring their belief that the law is unfair. Under the First Amendment, Martin has a right to

 

1. petition the government, but not to assemble a group peaceably.
2. assemble peaceably, but not to petition the government.
3. both petition the government and assemble peaceably.
4. neither petition the government nor assemble peaceably.

 

ANSWER:     C                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

14. The police obtain a search warrant and search Dave’s apartment. After yelling obscenities at the officers, Dave confesses to a crime and implicates his friends. The Constitution protects against

 

1. obscene speech only.
2. others’ implication only.
3. unreasonable searches only.
4. obscene speech, others’ implication, and unreasonable searches.

 

ANSWER:     C                              PAGE:      38                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

15. Bailey, the president of Carmichael Commodities Company, claims that certain actions by the federal government and by the state of Delaware infringe on rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.All of these rights limit

 

1. neither Delaware nor the federal government.
2. the federal government only.
3. Delaware and the federal government.
4. Delaware only.

 

ANSWER:     B                               PAGE:      39                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

16. Mary creates a t-shirt design that expresses her support for a presidential candidate and distributes t-shirts to all her friends. The t-shirts are an example of

 

1. unprotected speech.
2. controlled speech.
3. symbolic speech.
4. illegal speech.

 

ANSWER:     C                              PAGE:      40                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

17. Serenity City enacts an ordinance that bans the use of ―sound amplifying systems‖ on public streets. Tyler wants to campaign for a seat on the city council by broadcasting his message through speakers mounted on a truck. In Tyler’s suit against the city, a court would likely hold the ordinance to be

 

1. an unconstitutional restriction of speech.
2. constitutional under the First Amendment.
3. justified by the need to protect individual rights.
4. necessary to protect national interests.

 

ANSWER:     B                               PAGE:      40                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

 

18. George burns an American flag in his backyard. He films his actions and posts the video on YouTube.com. George’s actions are

 

1. expressly prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.
2. protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
3. considered to be a form of treason.
4. illegal in some states.

 

ANSWER:     B                               PAGE:      40                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Analytic                                 AICPA: BB-Critical Thinking

 

19. Beachside City enacts an ordinance that bans the distribution of all printed materials on city streets. Carl opposes the city’s latest ―revenue-enhancing‖ measure and wants to protest by distributing handbills. In his suit against the city, a court would likely hold the printed-materials ban to be

 

1. an unconstitutional restriction of speech.
2. constitutional under the First Amendment.
3. justified by the need to protect individual rights.
4. necessary to protect national interests.

 

ANSWER:     A                               PAGE:      42                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

20. Reusable Energy Corporation regularly expresses opinions on political issues. Under the First Amendment, corporate political speech is

 

 

ANSWER:     C                              PAGE:      43                             TYPE:      N

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Legal

 

 

21. California enacts a statute to ban advertising in ―bad taste.‖ This statute would likely be held by a court to be

 

1. an unconstitutional restriction of speech.
2. constitutional under the First Amendment.
3. justified by the need to protect individual rights.
4. necessary to protect national interests.

 

ANSWER:     A                               PAGE:      43                             TYPE:       =

BUSPROG: Reflective                             AICPA: BB-Decision Modeling