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Campbell Essential Biology, 5e (Simon/Yeh)
Chapter 2 Essential Chemistry for Biology
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) ______ is an example of an element.
A) Water
B) Carbon
C) Glucose
D) Salt
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) The four most common elements found in living things are
A) nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and carbon.
B) carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
C) carbon, oxygen, potassium, and calcium.
D) oxygen, calcium, hydrogen, and carbon.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3) Which of the following elements, essential to life, is a trace element?
A) phosphorus
B) carbon
C) iodine
D) calcium
Answer: C
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4) An atom with a positive charge has ______.
A) more protons than electrons
B) more electrons than protons
C) more neutrons than protons
D) more protons than neutrons
Answer: A
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5) All atoms of an element have the same number of ______.
A) protons plus neutrons
B) protons
C) electrons
D) neutrons
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2
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6) An atom’s ______ are found in its nucleus.
A) neutrons and protons
B) protons only
C) neutrons and electrons
D) electrons, protons, and neutrons
Answer: A
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
7) Beryllium’s atomic mass is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium
atom?
A) 9
B) 13
C) 4
D) 5
Answer: D
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
8) An uncharged atom of gold has an atomic number of 79 and an atomic mass of 197. This atom has
______ protons, ______ neutrons, and ______ electrons.
A) 79… 118… 79
B) 118… 79… 118
C) 118… 276… 118
D) 79… 34… 79
Answer: A
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
9) The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ______.
A) a neutron and electron moving around a proton
B) an electron moving around the nucleus of an atom
C) a proton moving about an electron
D) a neutron moving about a proton
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
10) Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______ and different numbers of ______.
A) protons… neutrons
B) protons… electrons
C) neutrons… protons
D) electrons… protons
Answer: A
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
3
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11) How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes?
A) Radioactive isotopes have more neutrons than do isotopes.
B) Radioactive isotopes are stable; isotopes are unstable.
C) Radioactive isotopes have fewer neutrons than do isotopes.
D) Radioactive isotopes are unstable; isotopes are stable.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
12) The second electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of ______ electron(s).
A) 1
B) 2
C) 6
D) 8
Answer: D
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
13) Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7; therefore, it has ______ electrons in its outermost electron
shell.
A) 10
B) 18
C) 5
D) 2
Answer: C
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
14) An atom with an electrical charge is a(n) ______.
A) isotope
B) molecule
C) ion
D) compound
Answer: C
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
15) The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.
A) ionic
B) polar
C) hydrogen
D) covalent
Answer: A
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
4
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16) In the following reaction, what type of bond is holding the two atoms together?
K + Cl → K+ + Cl- → KCl
A) hydrophilic
B) ionic
C) hydrophobic
D) covalent
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
17) What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons?
A) covalent
B) hydrogen
C) ionic
D) polar
Answer: A
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
18) Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 0
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
19) The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds.
A) electron
B) hydrogen
C) covalent
D) osmotic
Answer: C
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
20) Why is water considered a polar molecule?
A) The oxygen is found between the two hydrogens.
B) The oxygen atom attracts the hydrogen atoms.
C) The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight
positive charge.
D) Both hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
5
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21) Adjacent water molecules are joined by ______ bonds.
A) covalent only
B) ionic
C) polar and covalent
D) hydrogen
Answer: D
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
22) Adjacent water molecules are connected by the ______.
A) sharing of electrons between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water
molecule
B) electrical attraction between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water
molecule
C) sharing of electrons between adjacent oxygen molecules
D) electrical attraction between the hydrogens of adjacent water molecules
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
23) How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
A) 18
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24
Answer: D
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
24) What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
A) CO2 and H2O
B) C6H12O6, H2O, and O2
C) O2 only
D) C6H12O6, H2O, O2, CO2, and H2O
Answer: B
Topic: 2.1 Some Basic Chemistry
Skill: Application/Analysis
25) Human body cells are approximately ______ water.
A) 95—99%
B) 25—35%
C) 50—55%
D) 70—95%
Answer: D
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
6
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26) The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ______.
A) bonding
B) cohesion
C) polarity
D) adhesion
Answer: B
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
27) Why (if you are careful) are you able to float a needle on the surface of water?
A) Water has adhesive properties.
B) The surface tension that is a result of water’s cohesive properties makes this possible.
C) The covalent bonds that hold a water molecule together are responsible for this ability.
D) A single needle is less dense than water.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
28) Sweating cools your body by ______.
A) cohesion
B) radiation
C) evaporative cooling
D) hydrogen bonding
Answer: C
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
29) As water freezes, ______.
A) its molecules move farther apart
B) it cools the surrounding environment
C) its hydrogen bonds break apart
D) it loses its polarity
Answer: A
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
30) Sugar dissolves when stirred into water. The sugar is the ______, the water is the ______, and the
sweetened water is the ______.
A) solution… solvent… solute
B) solute… solvent… solution
C) solvent… solute… solution
D) solution… solute… solvent
Answer: B
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Application/Analysis
7
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31) Which of the following is an acid?
A) NaOH
B) NaCl
C) HCl
D) CH4
Answer: C
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Application/Analysis
32) A base ______.
A) removes H2O molecules from a solution
B) decreases the pH of a solution
C) removes OH— ions from a solution
D) removes H+ ions from a solution
Answer: D
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
33) The lower the pH of a solution, the ______.
A) greater the number of oxygen atoms
B) more acidic the solution
C) less toxic the solution
D) higher the OH— concentration
Answer: B
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
34) Relative to a pH of 6, a pH of 4 has a ______.
A) 200 times higher H+ concentration
B) 100 times higher H+ concentration
C) 20 times higher H+ concentration
D) 100 times lower H+ concentration
Answer: B
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Application/Analysis
35) What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?
A) buffers
B) sugars
C) salts
D) bases
Answer: A
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
8
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36) When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will ______.
A) donate OH- ions
B) accept water molecules
C) donate H+ ions
D) form covalent bonds with the base
Answer: C
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
37) People have long speculated about whether life exists on Mars. Scientists have evidence that on
Mars, ______.
A) microbial life exists
B) liquid water has existed in the past
C) the only water present has always been frozen in the polar ice caps
D) water is found only in the form of water vapor
Answer: B
Topic: 2.2 Water and Life
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
Art Questions
1) Examine the drawing of an atom below. The art is technically incorrect in that
