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Chapter 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
Multiple Choice Questions
1) The smallest stable units of matter are
A) atoms.
B) molecules.
C) protons.
D) neutrons.
E) electrons.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
2) The “atomic number” of an atom is determined by the number of ________ it has.
A) electrons
B) protons
C) neutrons
D) protons + neutrons
E) protons + electrons
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
3) Isotopes of an element differ in the number of
A) protons in the nucleus.
B) electrons in the nucleus.
C) neutrons in the nucleus.
D) electron clouds.
E) electrons in energy shells.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
4) The mass number represents the number of
A) protons in an atom.
B) electrons in an ion.
C) neutrons in an atom.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) neutrons + electrons.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
5) The innermost electron shell in an atom holds up to ________ electrons.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
E) 8
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
6) The “atomic weight” of an atom reflects the average number of
A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons + neutrons.
E) protons + neutrons + electrons.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
7) Radioisotopes have unstable
A) ions.
B) nuclei.
C) isotopes.
D) electron clouds.
E) protons.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
8) The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
A) the number of protons.
B) the number of neutrons.
C) the outermost electron shell.
D) the size of the atom.
E) the mass of the nucleus.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
9) Ions with a + charge are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) radicals.
D) positrons.
E) isotopes.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
10) The weakest bond between two atoms is the ________ bond.
A) ionic
B) covalent
C) polar
D) nonpolar
E) hydrogen
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
11) Ionic bonds are formed when
A) atoms share electrons.
B) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
C) a pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms.
D) hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms.
E) two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
12) In a molecule of nitrogen, three pairs of electrons are shared by two nitrogen atoms. The type of bond that is
formed is an example of a(n)
A) single trivalent bond.
B) double divalent bond.
C) triple covalent bond.
D) polar covalent bond.
E) hydrogen bond.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
13) If a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms, a(n) ________ occurs.
A) single covalent bond
B) double covalent bond
C) triple covalent bond
D) polar covalent bond
E) hydrogen bond
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
14) Elements that have atoms with full outer shells of electrons
A) will form many compounds.
B) will normally form anions.
C) will normally form cations.
D) frequently form hydrogen bonds.
E) are inert gases.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
15) Which one of the following statements is not correct about the reaction H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl?
A) H2 and Cl2 are the reactants.
B) HCl is the product.
C) One molecule of hydrogen contains two atoms.
D) Two molecules of HCl are formed in the reaction.
E) This reaction is easily reversible.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
16) AB → A + B is to decomposition as A + B → AB is to
A) exchange.
B) synthesis.
C) combustion.
D) replacement.
E) metabolism.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
17) The reaction N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 is an example of a(n)
A) exchange reaction.
B) decomposition reaction.
C) synthesis reaction.
D) enzyme reaction.
E) metabolic reaction.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
18) The reaction A + B + energy → AB is an example of a(n)
A) exergonic reaction.
B) endergonic reaction.
C) equilibrium reaction.
D) decomposition reaction.
E) exchange reaction.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
19) Chemical reactions that yield energy, such as heat, are said to be
A) endergonic.
B) activated.
C) exergonic.
D) neutral.
E) thermonuclear.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
20) All of the following are true concerning enzymes, except that they
A) are proteins.
B) function as biological catalysts.
C) lower the activation energy required for a reaction.
D) affect only the rate of a chemical reaction.
E) are consumed during the reaction.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
21) Substrate molecules bind to enzymes at the ________ sites.
A) amino
B) active
C) carboxyl
D) reactant
E) neutral
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
22) Compounds that can be synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside the body are called
A) inorganic compounds.
B) organic compounds.
C) nutrients.
D) metabolites.
E) enzymes.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
23) Each of the following is an example of an inorganic compound, except
A) water.
B) acids.
C) bases.
D) salts.
E) rocks.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
24) Which of the following statements about water is not correct?
A) is composed of polar molecules
B) is responsible for much of the mass of the human body
C) has a relatively low heat capacity
D) can dissolve many substances
E) contains hydrogen bonds
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
25) During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a salt to produce a mixture of ions. These ions
can carry a current and so are called
A) cations.
B) anions.
C) acids.
D) electrolytes.
E) counterions.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
26) Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
A) heat capacity of water.
B) hydration spheres.
C) water’s nonpolar nature.
D) free radicals.
E) hydrogen bonding.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
27) A solution containing equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is
A) acidic.
B) basic.
C) neutral.
D) alkaline.
E) in equilibrium.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
28) Which of the following substances would be most acidic?
A) lemon juice, pH = 2
B) urine, pH = 6
C) tomato juice, pH = 4
D) white wine, pH = 3
E) stomach secretions, pH = 1
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
29) If a substance has a pH that is greater than 7, it is
A) neutral.
B) acidic.
C) alkaline.
D) a buffer.
E) a salt.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
30) An important buffer in body fluids is
A) NaCl.
B) NaOH.
C) HCl.
D) NaHCO3.
E) H2O.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
31) In the body, inorganic compounds
A) can serve as buffers.
B) can make up proteins.
C) may be held together by ionic bonds.
D) are structural components of cells.
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
32) In chemical notation, the symbol Ca2+ means ________ .
A) two calcium atoms
B) a calcium ion that has lost two electrons
C) a calcium ion that has gained two protons
D) a calcium ion that has gained two electrons
E) a calcium ion that has lost two protons
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
33) Carbohydrate molecules
A) are the building blocks of cellular membranes.
B) form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes.
C) are the body’s most readily available source of energy.
D) are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms.
E) contain the genetic information found in cells.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
34) The most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body is
A) sucrose.
B) caffeine.
C) protein.
D) vitamins.
E) glucose.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
35) Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas are called
A) isotopes.
B) isomers.
C) isozymes.
D) isotypes.
E) isomoles.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
36) A polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is
A) lactose.
B) cellulose.
C) glycogen.
D) sucrose.
E) fructose.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
37) The group of organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a near 1:2:1 ratio is defined as
a
A) carbohydrate.
B) lipid.
C) protein.
D) nucleic acid.
E) either A or B
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
38) Lipids
A) form essential structural components of cells.
B) provide roughly twice the energy as carbohydrates.
C) help to maintain body temperature.
D) cushion organs against shocks.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
39) A fatty acid that contains two or more double covalent bonds is said to be
A) saturated.
B) monounsaturated.
C) polyunsaturated.
D) hydrogenated.
E) carboxylated.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
40) Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of
A) cholesterol.
B) phospholipids.
C) triglycerides.
D) prostaglandins.
E) monoglycerides.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
41) Lipids that are produced by nearly every tissue in the body and that act as local regulators
