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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ________.
A) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
B) sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen
C) nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
D) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
2) Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
A) rubbing alcohol
B) cytoplasm
C) blood
D) salt water
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
3) Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
A) NaCl
B) CH4
C) NaOH
D) H2O
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
4) Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?
A) help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
B) aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
C) promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
D) prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains E) act as a biological catalyst
Answer: E
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
5) Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape?
A) Oxygen
B) Amino acid
C) Hydrogen
D) Carbon
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
6) What happens in redox reactions?
A) the reaction is always easily reversible
B) the electron acceptor is oxidized
C) both decomposition and electron exchange occur
D) the electron donor is reduced
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
7) The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
A) arrangement of the histones
B) sequence of the nucleotides
C) three-dimensional structure of the double helix
D) regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
8) An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of ________ electrons.
A) 13
B) 3
C) 8
D) 17
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
9) Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.
A) are usually called enzymes
B) rarely exhibit secondary structure
C) are cellular catalysts
D) are very stable and insoluble in water
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
10) Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
A) cholesterol
B) glycogen
C) glucose
D) triglycerides
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
11) What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 4:1
D) 2:1
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
12) Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.
A) synthesis
B) exchange
C) reversible
D) decomposition
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
13)The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?
A) 2, 8, 8
B) 2 C) 2, 8
D) 2, 8, 1
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
14) An example of a coenzyme is ________.
A) iron
B) copper
C) zinc
D) riboflavin (vitamin B2)
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
15) Choose the statement that is false or incorrect.
A) A key feature of the body’s metabolism is the almost exclusive use of exergonic reactions by the body.
B) Exergonic reactions release more energy than they absorb.
C) In chemical reactions, breaking old bonds requires energy and forming new bonds releases
energy.
D) Endergonic reactions absorb more energy than they release. Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
16) Which of the following constitutes a long chain of simple sugars?
A) polysaccharide
B) nucleic acid
C) protein
D) monosaccharide
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
17) Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?
A) catalytic proteins
B) structural proteins
C) molecular chaperones
D) regulatory proteins
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
18) In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves ________.
A) as a code
B) to hold the molecular backbone together
C) as nucleotides
D) to bind the sugars to their bases
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
19) Which of the following describes coenzymes?
A) enzymes that work together
B) organic molecules derived from vitamins
C) metal ions
D) two enzymes that perform the same function
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
20) A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.
A) a synthesis
B) forming a larger molecule
C) the release of energy
D) the consumption of energy
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
21) What does CH4 mean?
A) This was involved in a redox reaction.
B) There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
C) This is an inorganic molecule.
D) There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
22)Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in living systems.
A) glucose to CO2 and H2O
B) H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3
C) ADP + Pi to make ATP D) glucose molecules joined to make glycogen
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
23) What is a chain of 25 amino acids called?
A) starch
B) polypeptide
C) protein
D) nucleotide
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
24) Select the correct statement about isotopes.
A) Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.
B) All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
C) Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.
D) All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons. Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
25) Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
A) high heat capacity
B) reactivity
C) high heat of vaporization
D) cushioning
E) polar solvent properties
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
26) What is a dipole?
A) a type of reaction
B) a polar molecule
C) a type of bond
D) an organic molecule
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
27) Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
A) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.
B) TDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA.
C) RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
D) Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
28) Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?
A) hydrogen
B) sodium
C) nitrogen
D) potassium
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
29) A solution that has a pH of 2 could best be described as being ________.
A) acidic
B) slightly acidic
C) basic
D) neutral
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
30) What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?
A) quaternary structure
B) tertiary structure
C) primary structure
D) secondary structure
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
31) Which of the following is not an electrolyte?
A) H2O
B) NaOH
C) Ca2CO3
D) HCl
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
32) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher numbers.
B) Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions.
C) Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more forcefully.
D) Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
33) Which of the following does not describe the ATP molecule?
A) transport
B) pigments
C) mechanical work
D) chemical work
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
34) Select the statement about mixtures that is correct.
A) Solutions contain particles that settle out in time.
B) A solution contains solvent in large amounts and solute in smaller quantities.
C) Suspensions can change reversibly from liquid to solid.
D) Suspensions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more components.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
35) Two good examples of a colloid would be Jell-O® and ________.
A) urine
B) cytosol
C) blood
D) toenails
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
36) Sucrose is a ________.
A) triglyceride
B) polysaccharide
C) monosaccharide
D) disaccharide
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
37) Which of the following is not considered a factor in influencing a reaction?
A) concentration
B) temperature
C) particle size
D) time
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
38)________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function.
A) Cortisol
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin A
D) Vitamin D
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
39) What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?
A) There are 12 hydrogen, 6 carbon, and 6 oxygen atoms.
B) There are 6 calcium, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
C) The molecular weight is 24.
D) The substance is a colloid.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
40) Which of the following is true regarding the concentration of solutions?
A) To calculate molarity, one must know the atomic weight of the solvent.
B) Percent solutions are parts per 1000 parts.
C) Molarity is one mole of solute per 1000 ml of solution.
D) To calculate molarity, one must know the atomic number of the solute.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
41) Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.
A) common in the liver
B) a weak acid
C) a proton donor
D) a bicarbonate ion
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
42) If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
A) 37 protons and 37 electrons
B) 37 protons and 37 neutrons
C) 74 protons
D) 37 electrons
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
43) Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
A) addition of a carbon atom between each two units
B) removal of a nitrogen atom between each two units
C) addition of a water molecule between each two units
D) removal of a water molecule between each two units
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
44) In liquid XYZ, you notice that light is scattered as it passes through. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days. What type of liquid is this?
A) colloid
B) solution
C) suspension
D) mixture
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
45) Which statement about enzymes is false?
A) Enzymes raise the activation energy needed to start a reaction.
B) Enzymes are composed mostly of protein.
C) Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
D) Enzymes are organic catalysts.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D)
