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Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments
of the Immune System
1. All blood cells in an adult human can trace their ancestry to which compartment within the
body?
A. Thymus
B. Bone marrow
C. Lymph node
D. Peyer’s patch
E. None of the above
Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Which of the above is a reservoir of stem cells?
2. A pluripotent stem cell can do which of the following?
A. Differentiate into a finite number of different cell types
B. Differentiate into any type of cell found in the adult
C. Divide an infinite number of times
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: A pluripotent stem cell is not always a totipotent cell.
3. Which of the following is the pluripotent stem cell that gives rise to all blood cells?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. HSC
E. None of the above
Answer: D
Section: Cells of the Immune System Difficulty: 3
Hint: One of the cell types listed gives rise to the other three, which, in turn, give rise to the
cellular heterogeneity in the blood.
4. From which of the following stem cells are NK cells derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
[2]
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
5. From which of the following stem cells are DCs derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer: D
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
6. From which of the following stem cells are platelets derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
7. From which of the following stem cells are eosinophils derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer:B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
8. From which of the following stem cells are helper T cells (TH) derived?
A. CLP
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
[3]
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer:A
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
9. From which of the following stem cells are monocytes derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer:B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
10. From which of the following stem cells are RBCs derived?
A. CLP
B. CMP
C. CEP
D. Both A and B
E. None of the above
Answer:C
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Know which stem cells give rise to which effectors; DCs are tricky.
11. What level of gene expression is regulated by such factors as Notch1, GATA-2 and Bmi-1?
A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. RNA processing
D. Translation
E. None of the above
Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Many cellular differentiation programs in the immune system are regulated by master
regulators that function early in gene expression.
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
[4]
12. Which lineage of immune cells constitutes the first line of defense against an infection?
A. Lymphoid
B. Erythroid
C. Myeloid
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Granulocytes are important first responders; from what kind of progenitor do they
develop?
13. Which of the following is NOT descended from the common lymphoid progenitor?
A. T cells
B. NK cells
C. B cells
D. Eosinophils
E. All of the above are descended from the common lymphoid progenitor.
Answer: D
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 1
Hint: One of the choices develops from the CMP.
14. Which of the following granulocytes contains histamine within its granules?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Basophils
D. Both B and C
E. All of the above
Answer: C
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Only one of the types listed above features histamine within its granules.
15. Which of the following is NOT true about monocytes?
A. They comprise between 5–10% of circulating leukocytes.
B. They have the ability to differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells.
C. They can be subdivided into inflammatory monocytes and patrolling monocytes.
D. They can give rise to platelets.
E. All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
[5]
Difficulty: 2
Hint: One of the statements is not true; what cell types descend from monocytes?
16. Which of the following cell types is responsible for the secretion of immunoglobulins?
A. TH1
B. TH2
C. TH17
D. TFH
E. Plasma cell
Answer: E
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which types of lymphocytes are responsible for the regulation of immune responses;
which specialize in production of antigen-specific antibodies?
17. Which of the following cell types is responsible for regulating responses against intracellular
pathogens?
A. TH1
B. TH2
C. TH17
D. TFH
E. Plasma cell
Answer:A
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which types of lymphocytes are responsible for the regulation of immune responses;
which specialize in production of antigen-specific antibodies?
18. Which of the following cell types is responsible for activating B cells in germinal centers?
A. TH1
B. TH2
C. TH17
D. TFH
E. Plasma cell
Answer:D
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which types of lymphocytes are responsible for the regulation of immune responses;
which specialize in production of antigen-specific antibodies?
19. Which of the following cell types is responsible for regulating responses against predominantly
extracellular pathogens?
A. TH1
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
[6]
B. TH2
C. TH17
D. TFH
E. Plasma cell
Answer:B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which types of lymphocytes are responsible for the regulation of immune responses;
which specialize in production of antigen-specific antibodies?
20. Which of the following cell types secretes IL-17 and may play a role in anti-fungal responses?
A. TH1
B. TH2
C. TH17
D. TFH
E. Plasma cell
Answer:C
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which types of lymphocytes are responsible for the regulation of immune responses;
which specialize in production of antigen-specific antibodies?
21. Which of the following effector T lymphocyte populations is produced via the activation of a
naïve T cell through antigen presented in MHC Class I?
A. CTL
B. TH1
C. TH2
D. TH17
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which of the choices comes from a CD8+ naïve T cell?
22. Which of the following types of effector T lymphocytes is capable of inhibiting an immune
response to an antigen recognized with its T-cell receptor (TCR)?
A. TH1
B. Treg
C. TH2
D. TH17
E. None of the above
Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
[7]
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which cells listed stimulate specific elements of the immune response?
23. Which of the following descendants of the CLP act in the innate immune response?
A. T cells
B. NK cells
C. B cells
D. Plasma cells
E. All of the above
Answer: B
Section: Cells of the Immune System
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Which cell type does not regulate immune responses or secrete antibodies?
24. Which of the following is NOT considered primary lymphoid tissue?
A. Draining lymph node
B. Thymus
C. Peyer’s patch
D. Choices A and C are not primary lymphoid tissue.
E. None of the above is primary lymphoid tissue.
Answer: D
Section: Primary Lymphoid Organs—Where Immune Cells Develop
Difficulty: 2
Hint: How do primary and secondary lymphoid tissue differ functionally; what happens in
each of the tissues listed?
25. In mammals, T-cell development occurs in the ____________, while B-cell development occurs
predominantly in the ______________.
A. thymus; bursa of Fabricius
B. bone marrow; mesenteric lymph nodes
C. bone marrow; thymus
D. thymus; bone marrow
E. None of the above
Answer: D
Section: Primary Lymphoid Organs—Where Immune Cells Develop
Difficulty: 2
Hint: B cells (and their antigen-specific receptors) develop in different sites in mammals
than in birds.
26. As thymocytes develop, they are classified on the basis of the state of their T-cell receptors and
which of the following?
A. Which class of MHC they express on their surface
B. The state of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains on their surface
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs and Microenvironments of the Immune System
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C. The presence of coreceptor proteins CD4 and CD8 on their surface
D. The expression of the transcription factor, FoxP3
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Section: Primary Lymphoid Organs—Where Immune Cells Develop
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Which of the above factors on the surface of T cells is essential for T-cell function?
27. Upon entering the thymus, thymocytes are classified as double __________ with regard to
coreceptor; before exiting as single-positive, naïve T cells, they pass through a period in which
they are double ________.
A. positive; negative
B. negative; positive
C. Both of these are true.
D. Neither of these are true.
E. Coreceptor expression state does not change in the thymus.
Answer: B
Section: Primary Lymphoid Organs—Where Immune Cells Develop
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Expression of the coreceptor genes change during thymocyte development.
28. Contraction of which of the following types of muscles is responsible for propulsion of lymph
through the lymphatic system?
A. Cardiac
B. Skeletal
C. Smooth
D. Both B and C
E. None of the above
Answer: D
Section: Secondary Lymphoid Organs—Where the Immune Response Is Initiated
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Lymph is not propelled through the body the same way blood is.
29. Naïve lymphocytes enter secondary lymphoid tissues via which of the following structures?
