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2: Homeostasis and Adaptive Responses to Stressors
TRUE/FALSE
1. Stress can be defined as a threat to homeostasis.
ANS: T
2. Most of the hormones released with stress serve to increase blood glucose.
ANS: T
3. Cortisol is a stress hormone released from the adrenal medulla.
ANS: F
4. Cortisol decreases the inflammatory response.
ANS: T
5. Selye called the “fight-or-flight” response an “alarm reaction” to stress.
ANS: T
6. A coping method is functional if it reduces emotional pain.
ANS: T
7. Both positive and negative life events can produce stress.
ANS: T
8. Stress rarely causes long-term physiologic disorders.
ANS: F
9. High-stress situations are always physiologically harmful.
ANS: F
10. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are the primary mediators of the alarm phase of the stress
response.
ANS: T
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Indicators that an individual is experiencing stress include all of the following except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. peripheral vasoconstriction.
d. pupil constriction.
ANS: D
2. Which of the following normally is not secreted in response to stress?
a. Norepinephrine
b. Cortisol
c. Epinephrine
d. Insulin
ANS: D
3. Allostatic adaptation in response to stress may be considered successful when
a. stress hormones are no longer secreted.
b. heart rate falls below 100 beats/min.
c. homeostasis is restored.
d. the stress is no longer present.
ANS: C
4. Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all of the following except
a. initiation.
b. resistance.
c. alarm.
d. exhaustion.
ANS: A
5. Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous
system and are mediated by
a. norepinephrine.
b. cortisol.
c. glucagon.
d. ACTH.
ANS: A
6. Antidiuretic hormone secretion may increase during physiologic stress leading to an
increase in
a. blood sugar.
b. urine output.
c. serum sodium.
d. body fluid volume.
ANS: D
7. The effects of excessive cortisol production include
a. immune suppression.
b. hypoglycemia.
c. hypovolemia.
d. inflammatory reactions.
ANS: A
8. All of the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except
a. antidiuretic hormone.
b. cortisol.
c. growth hormone.
d. norepinephrine.
ANS: A
9. In stressful circumstances, the brain releases _____, which may improve mood, reduce pain,
and induce sleep.
a. prolactins
b. oxytocins
c. dopamines
d. endorphins
ANS: D
10. The process of change in an individual in response to altered conditions is called
a. coping.
b. allostasis.
c. evolution.
d. resistance.
ANS: B