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Question type: Multiple Choice
1) What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?
a) nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium
b) hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium
c) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
d) oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium
e) potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.1 Identify the main chemical elements of the human body.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
2) The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions
in the human body are
a) neutrons, quarks, and muons.
b) protons, neutrons, and electrons.
c) muons, positons, and neutrons.
d) electrons, quarks, and protons.
e) positons, protons, and neutrons.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.1 Identify the main chemical elements of the human body.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
3) Which of the following subatomic particles has a neutral charge?
a) neutron
b) electron
c) proton
d) Both neutron and electron.
e) All of these choices.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and
compounds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
4) What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons?
a) cloud
b) nucleus
c) element
d) ring
e) shell
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and
compounds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
5) The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s
a) mass number.
b) atomic number.
c) atomic mass.
d) valence number.
e) None of these choices.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and
compounds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
6) The nucleus of unstable _____ of an element will decay leading to emission of radiation.
a) compounds
b) cations
c) anions
d) isotopes
e) molecules
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and
compounds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
7) This refers to a weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of
an element.
a) mass number
b) atomic number
c) atomic mass
d) ionic mass
e) covalent mass
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.1 Describe the main chemicals of the human body and the structures of
the atoms, ions, molecules, and compounds.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.1.2 Describe the structures of atoms, ions, molecules, free radicals, and
compounds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.1 How Matter is Organized
Question type: Essay
8) Briefly describe the octet rule.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
Solution: One atom is more likely to combine with another atom if doing so will leave both
atoms with eight electrons in their valence shells.
Question type: Multiple Choice
9) Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds?
1. neutron
2. electron
3. proton
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 2 & 3 only
e) 1, 2 & 3
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
10) What is the name given to a negatively charged atom?
a) superoxide
b) isotope
c) catalyst
d) anion
e) cation
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
11) A chemical that can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water is called a(n)
a) isotope.
b) isomer.
c) compound.
d) electrolyte
e) valence molecule.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
12) Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms?
a) covalent
b) ionic
c) hydrogen
d) atomic
e) electronic
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
13) The chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called
a) nonpolar covalent bonds.
b) polar covalent bonds.
c) hydrogen bonds.
d) ionic bonds.
e) atomic bonds.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
Question type: Essay
14) Describe a hydrogen bond.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
Solution: Hydrogen bonds form between a hydrogen atom that has partial positive charge and
another atom, like oxygen or nitrogen, carrying partial negative charge.
Question type: Multiple Choice
15) Which relatively weak type of bond helps stabilize the three dimensional structure of large
molecules like proteins and DNA?
a) nonpolar covalent
b) polar covalent
c) hydrogen
d) ionic
e) atomic
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
16) A chemical reaction involves interactions between the _____ of two different atoms.
a) neutrons
b) protons
c) isotopes
d) valence electrons
e) ions
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.2 Explain how atoms form molecules and compounds, and describe the
nature of the various types of bonds that join them.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.2.1 Describe how valence electrons form chemical bonds.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.2.2 Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.2 Chemical Bonds
17) Which term is defined as the capacity to do work?
a) metabolism
b) electrolytes
c) chemical reaction
d) concentration
e) energy
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.3 Explain what happens when atoms combine with or separate from
other atoms during a chemical reaction.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.3.1 Define a chemical reaction.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.3.2 Describe the various forms of energy.
Section Reference 1: Sec 2.3 Chemical Reactions
Question type: Essay
18) Describe the law of conservation of energy.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 2.3 Explain what happens when atoms combine with or separate from
other atoms during a chemical reaction.
Study Objective 2: SO 2.3.1 Define a chemical reaction.
Study Objective 3: SO 2.3.2 Describe the various forms of energy.
Section Reference 21: 2.3 Chemical Reactions
Solution: Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it may be converted from one form to
another form.
Question type: Multiple Choice
19) Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?
a) exergonic
b) endergonic
c) potential
d) kinetic
e) activation
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 2.3 Explain what happens when atoms combine with or separate from
