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1. The most researched topic in psychology today is
A. the self.
B. attitudes.
C. cultural influence.
D. problem solving.
2. Your description of what qualities encompass who you are defines your
A. self-esteem.
B. possible self.
C. self-concept.
D. social identity.
3. John works out everyday. He also tends to notice others’ bodies and athletic skills. Compared to
Tim, who never works out and doesn’t pay any attention to others’ physiques, John probably has
A. “athletic” as part of his self-schema.
B. a higher self-reference effect.
C. less self-handicapping.
D. more positive possible selves.
4. The images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future constitute our ___________
selves.
A. unlikely
B. imaginary
C. future
D. possible
5. Psychologists would consider your dream of becoming a famous politician and your recurrent fear
of being unemployed to be part of your
A. self-esteem.
B. possible self.
C. anticipatory self.
D. unlikely self.
6. Our self-concept is often shaped by
A. the surrounding culture.
B. our successes and failures.
C. other people’s judgments.
D. all of these choices.
7. The aspect of our self-concept that comes from our group memberships is called
A. collective efficacy.
B. social identity.
C. personal identity.
D. social comparison.
8. We are more likely to be conscious of our social identity when our social group
A. is in the majority.
B. is in the minority.
C. is esteemed by others.
D. is threatened.
9. According to social identity theory, when is Rose most likely to be aware of being female?
A. on a date with her boyfriend.
B. at a night-club with her female friends.
C. at home with her brothers and sisters.
D. at a piano recital with her male friends.
10. Imagine that John is a white man attending a multi-racial support group for stay-at-home-parents.
There are 40% Whites, 30% Blacks, and 30% Hispanics attending. Ninety percent of the group
are mothers. John is most likely to be conscious of his identity as
A. a parent.
B. a White person.
C. a man.
D. an unemployed person.
11. Our perceiving ourselves as musical, intellectual, artistic, or assertive constitutes our
A. egocentric beliefs.
B. interdependent self.
C. self-schemas.
D. self-references.
12. If you wanted to improve the self-evaluations of your sales staff, when would be the best time to
show them a video celebrating the achievements of a top sales representative?
A. When they are being newly trained for the job.
B. After their first few months on the job.
C. After at least one year on the job.
D. All of these choices.
13. Monica was participating in a psychology experiment and was asked to discuss her sense of who
she is. She mentioned that she is a psychology major, volleyball player, Canadian, woman,
daughter, sister, and a volunteer. This definition of who Monica is best encompasses her
A. social comparisons.
B. self-esteem.
C. self-concept.
D. social identity.
14. Children that have just learned how to read tend to have more positive school self-concepts in
classes with fewer students that know how to read. This fact reflects
A. the self-reference effect.
B. self-handicapping.
C. self-concept
D. social comparison processes.
15. According to ____________ theory, a ballet dancer who excelled during her time with a local
dance company may find her self-esteem threatened once she joins a nationally famous dance
company.
A. social identity
B. self-monitoring
C. social comparison
D. self-schema
16. We come to know ourselves in part by looking at others and evaluating our abilities and opinions
in light of those others. This process is known as
A. social comparison.
B. social identity.
C. the self-reference effect.
D. self-esteem.
17. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Problems and failures can cause low self-esteem.
B. Low self-esteem can cause problems and failures.
C. Both A and B.
D. None of these choices.
18. When climbing the ladder of success we tend to look
A. up, not down
B. down, not up
C. from side to side
D. straight ahead
19. Jessica attends a friend’s wedding wearing last year’s fashions. Jessica feels as if everyone is
looking at her and noticing her dress, and as a result, feels very self-conscious and
uncomfortable. Her self-evaluations are related to the concepts of
A. naturalistic and self-evaluative fallacies.
B. implicit and explicit processing.
C. the looking-glass self and social comparisons.
D. social comparison and the dual attitude system.
20. Cooley (1902) argued that we come to know ourselves by seeing our reflection in how we appear
to others. Other people’s judgments, then, help to shape what he called
A. the social self.
B. the perceived self.
C. the looking-glass self.
D. self-appraisal.
21. In your first year of university, it appeared that all your professors thought you were a very
competent student. As a result, you enter second year confident of your academic abilities. This
is an example of
A. the self-referencing effect.
B. the looking-glass self.
C. the self-monitoring effect.
D. the self-serving bias.
