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Exercise 5
1. to entertain—and persuade students to do well in school
2. in a popular magazine. The style is informal, and it’s entertaining.
3. that students fail because they don’t try and they can succeed if they do try
4. impatience, perhaps anger, but touched with concern that his son do well. The humorous
approach suggests that Cosby loves his son and is scolding him out of love.
CHAPTER 3
Exercise 1
Possible answers
2. coping with public transportation; being alert to danger; hanging out at the mall
3. a trend in music; a trend in dress; surfing the Internet
4. sharing responsibilities; males working for female bosses; men’s role in child rearing; an
untraditional job for men (or women)
5. how the writer became interested in a hobby; typical experiences with the hobby
Exercise 2
Paragraph B Sentence 1
Paragraph C Sentence 1
Paragraph D Sentence 2
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Paragraph E Sentence 1
Paragraph F Sentence 1
Paragraph G Sentence 6
Paragraph H Sentence 7
Exercise 3
Possible answers
2. Popular music is heading in several exciting directions.
3. People who bury their pets in cemeteries have too much time and money on their hands.
4. The spread of AIDS must be controlled, and a cure must be found.
5. Sports are boring.
6. Teenagers constantly must resist the temptation to take illegal drugs.
Exercise 4
Possible topic sentences.
Paragraph B Dogs performed a number of roles in early civilizations.
Paragraph C Cats probably emerged as pets much later than dogs.
Paragraph D The first domestic cats were valued highly and even worshipped.
Paragraph E Cats later suffered much worse fates outside of Egypt.
Exercise 8
Paragraph 2 a great many offenses that could be punished by stoning Delete sentence d.
Paragraph 3 The origins of nursery rhymes Delete sentence c.
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Paragraph 4 all the qualities of a true leader Delete sentence a.
Paragraph 5 came for a number of reasons Delete sentence d.
Exercise 9
1. Sentence 17—the final sentence
2. (time) (1) in 1847 (2) Before then (3) around 1,000 B.C. when (4) later (5) After the Spanish
had conquered …about 2600 years later …until 1828. (7) in 1847 (9) From that point on (10)
around 1930 (11) One day (16) in 1939 (other expressions) (2) The long route to the chocolate
chip cookies began (6) That year (7) This discovery
3. (1) the cookie (2) chocolate (3) chocolate chip cookie (4) xocoatl (6) chocolate powder (7) solid
chocolate (8) hard chocolate, chocolate chip (9) the cookie (10) first chocolate chip cookie (11)
the inn’s owner (12) chocolate pieces …butter cookies …the Toll House Inn cookie (13) For
chocolate bits …Chocolate Bar (14) Nestle …bar (15) chocolate (16) The cookie …chocolate
chips
4. (5) They (11) its (12) her …which (14) her …it (15) Her
The words this and that are tied to nouns (That year, This discovery, that point), which make
the references specific.
5. The Aztecs, the Spanish, a candy maker in Holland, a British company, (possibly) Ruth
Wakefield, the Nestle Company
6. Ruth Wakefield’s making of the cookies because this is the climatic moment that explains the
possible creation of the first chocolate chip cookies.
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Exercise 10
Possible arrangement, although the paragraph has not been rewritten
6. Most humans are right-handed.
2. The practice dates back to the fifteenth century.
1. By studying portraits and drawings of buttoned garments, historians have traced the reasons
why men’s clothes button from right to left while women’s button from left to right.
4. Most men found it easier to have clothes that buttoned from right to left.
3. Men generally dressed themselves at home, on trips, and on the battlefield.
Buttons were very expensive at the time. (This sentence seems irrelevant.)
7. Wealthy women had female servants who dressed them.
9. Most maids were right-handed.
10. It was easier to fasten their mistresses’ garments if the buttons and buttonholes were reversed.
8. Maids faced the buttons head on.
11. The practice has never been changed.
CHAPTER 4
Exercise 1
1. three points: extraordinary attractiveness, incredible physical talent, and exemplary
character. The opening sentences are introductory and serve to attract the reader’s
interest.
