CHAPTER 6
The Correctional Client
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- ________ of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation.
| a. | two thirds |
| b. | one half |
| c. | one third |
| d. | one quarter |
ANS: A REF: 127 OBJ: 1
- Older prisoners are more likely to:
| a. | break prison rules. |
| b. | prefer solitude. |
| c. | seek gang membership for protection. |
| d. | be less stable. |
ANS: B REF: 148 OBJ: 3
- The __________ offender is most likely to be the object of exploitation and practical jokes while incarcerated.
| a. | situational |
| b. | career |
| c. | mentally handicapped |
| d. | alcohol |
ANS: C REF: 144 OBJ: 3
- When we talk about characteristics associated with criminal offenders, we can conclude that:
| a. | there is much diversity with respect to the backgrounds of prisoners. |
| b. | on the whole, while unique differences do exist, there are still many similarities among prisoners. |
| c. | it is difficult (if not impossible) to make any general statements about criminal offenders. |
| d. | most offenders are very violent and dangerous, and as a result, deserve some form of incarceration. |
ANS: C REF: 152 OBJ: 1, 5
- According to your text, situational offenders pose many problems for the correctional system. Which of the following has been identified as a problem with this offender?
| a. | They will generally repeat the offense in the future. |
| b. | They are extremely difficult to rehabilitate. |
| c. | Their crimes are usually less serious than most crimes committed by other offenders. |
| d. | They are the most problematic and violent prisoners in the inmate social system. |
ANS: B REF: 130 OBJ: 3
- Half of those entering state prisons are ________years old.
| a. | between 25 and 32 |
| b. | younger than 18 |
| c. | between 18 and 27 |
| d. | older than 35 |
ANS: C REF: 126 OBJ: 1, 2, 3
- A person who has committed a sexual act prohibited by law is known as a:
| a. | child molester. |
| b. | rapist. |
| c. | a social deviant. |
| d. | sex offender. |
ANS: D REF: 133 OBJ: 3
- Correctional clients, as a group, seem to ________ the general population?
| a. | differ markedly from |
| b. | be markedly similar to |
| c. | vastly like |
| d. | be indistinguishable from |
ANS: A REF: 126 OBJ: 1, 2
- The drug abuser presents ______________problems for corrections
| a. | indistinct and hardly any |
| b. | classification and organizational |
| c. | very few significant |
| d. | both treatment and management] |
ANS: D REF: 138 OBJ: 3, 4, 5
- The treatment program that has consistently proven to be successful for the alcohol abuser in general population but less successful for those in the correctional population is:
| a. | psychotherapy. |
| b. | milieu therapy. |
| c. | group counseling. |
| d. | Alcoholics Anonymous. |
ANS: D REF: 139 OBJ: 2, 3
- A sex offender through legislation is commonly recognized as which of the following?
| a. | Rapist |
| b. | prostitutes |
| c. | child molesters |
| d. | all these |
ANS: C REF: 133 OBJ: 3
- The decision to _______is a factor influencing the filtering process:
| a. | pigeonhole |
| b. | grant bail |
| c. | violate the law |
| d. | acquit |
ANS: B REF: 126 OBJ: 1
- In a typical group of thirty or so young adults it is likely that __________ has been locked up.
| a. | at least five |
| b. | at least one |
| c. | at least half |
| d. | no one |
ANS: B REF: 125 OBJ: 1, 2
- Every offender assigned to corrections is:
| a. | guilty. |
| b. | violent. |
| c. | Unique. |
| d. | drug addicted. |
ANS: C REF: 129 OBJ: 3, 4, 5
- The most slippery concept in the classification of offenders is that of the:
| a. | career criminal. |
| b. | violent. |
| c. | sex offender. |
| d. | mentally ill. |
ANS: A REF: 132 OBJ: 2, 4, 5
- Most sexual offenses do not involve:
| a. | Violence. |
| b. | coercion. |
| c. | acquaintances. |
| d. | the police. |
ANS: A REF: 133 OBJ: 2
- In classifying offenders, correctional administrators put them into groups based on:
| a. | their needs for treatment. |
| b. | risk. |
| c. | security issues they pose to the prison. |
| d. | all of these. |
ANS: D REF: 153 OBJ: 4, 5
- One key method shown to prevent AIDS transmission is through:
| a. | education. |
| b. | passing out condoms. |
| c. | prohibiting homosexual behavior. |
| d. | legalizing drugs. |
ANS: A REF: 145 OBJ: 2, 3
- Correctional treatment programs have proven to be most effective with:
| a. | compulsive and habitual drug abusers. |
| b. | pedophiles. |
| c. | career criminals. |
| d. | none of these. |
ANS: D REF: 138 OBJ: 2, 5
- The career criminal has several attributes:
| a. | his occupation |
| b. | inexperienced |
| c. | psychologically abnormal |
| d. | believes he will never be caught |
ANS: A REF: 132 OBJ: 3
- References to “types” of offenders means they:
| a. | are easily stereotyped because their actions are so similar. |
| b. | are fairly predictable for purposes of parole. |
| c. | share important characteristics even though they vary in others. |
| d. | behave very similarly for purposes of prediction. |
ANS: C REF: 129 OBJ: 3
- Most people would hardly call their own job a _________ if they had been seen at work only three or four times.
| a. | habit |
| b. | career |
| c. | plan |
| d. | calling |
ANS: B REF: 133 OBJ: 1, 5
- To combat ambiguities in classification, correctional administrators have started using:
| a. | more subjective criteria in an attempt to successfully predict future criminal behavior. |
| b. | expanded criteria to admit all relevant facts and use those facts involved in the case. |
| c. | a limited number of factors pertaining to substance abuse factors. |
| d. | classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between offenders. |
ANS: D REF: 150 OBJ: 2, 4, 5
- In recent years, America’s prison population has been:
| a. | getting younger. |
| b. | aging. |
| c. | shrinking. |
| d. | all of these. |
ANS: B REF: 147 OBJ: 2, 3, 4
- More prisoners serve __________ sentences in the United States than in any other Western nation.
| a. | life |
| b. | death |
| c. | short |
| d. | long |
ANS: D REF: 149 OBJ: 2
TRUE/FALSE
- Most women believe rape is a violation emotionally, physically and rationally as well as a degrading act of violence.
ANS: T REF: 133 OBJ: 3
- Most sexual offenses occur between strangers.
ANS: F REF: 133 OBJ: 2, 3
- Deinstitutionalization allows offenders the ability to also use affect treatment strategies in the community.
ANS: T REF: 142 OBJ: 1, 2
- It would be safe to say that significant numbers of correctional clients have a history of heavy drinking.
ANS: T REF: 138 OBJ: 1, 2
- It would be safe to say that classification decisions are not, on the whole, subject to sociopolitical pressures.
ANS: F REF: 150 OBJ: 4
- Generally, mentally ill persons represent a greater risk of committing violent crimes than the population as a whole.
ANS: F REF: 139 OBJ: 4
- One correctional policy decision that may influence who becomes a correctional client is that street crimes warrant more attention from police.
ANS: T REF: 126 OBJ: 3, 4, 5
- There is widespread recognition that rape is a physical intrusion fueled by a desire for violent coercion rather than being sexually motivated.
ANS: T REF: 133 OBJ: 5
- HIV/AIDS is transmitted through blood and saliva.
ANS: F REF: 144 OBJ: 3
- A key way to prevent AIDS both inside and outside of a correctional setting is through knowledge of the virus.
ANS: T REF: 144 OBJ: 3
COMPLETION
- ________offenders have been convicted of violent crimes or drug offenses.
ANS: long term
REF: 147 OBJ: 3
- Factors influencing the filtering process through the correctional system include department policy and _______________.
ANS: bail
REF: 126 OBJ: 1
- Martin and Yablonsky describe a situational offender as one who made a mistake and paid a debt to ______ for that mistake.
ANS: society
REF: 130 OBJ: 1
- Prostitution is more an _____________ crime than a sexual crime.
ANS: economic
REF: 135 OBJ: 1, 2
- ___________ produce more disastrous consequences than heroin addicts.
ANS: Alcoholics
REF: 138 OBJ: 2, 3
- We can view the criminal justice system as a ___________, because it operates as a large offender selection bureaucracy.
ANS: filtering process
REF: 126 OBJ: 1
- One of the most successful alcohol treatment programs having shown effectiveness is ___________________.
ANS: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
REF: 139 OBJ: 2, 3
- The mentally ill offender is now recognized as an overgeneralization and a _______________.
ANS: social issue
REF: 139 OBJ: 3
- A person who in a particular set of circumstances has violated the law but is not normally given to criminal behavior and who is unlikely to repeat the offense is the ___________.
ANS: situational offender
REF: 130 OBJ: 2, 3, 4
- When the justice system brings the more serious cases forward for more severe punishments, it acts as a selective _________.
ANS: filter
REF: 128 OBJ: 1
MATCHING
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
| a. | Apply objective criteria to all prisoners | f. | Confined for life or until cured |
| b. | IQs of less than 70 | g. | Classification based on possible future criminal conduct |
| c. | Person who sees criminality as their life | h. | Classification based on appropriate correctional treatment |
| d. | Mental patient returns to the community | i. | Classification based on seriousness of crime |
| e. | Susan Smith is one | j. | person spends more than 10 years incarcerated |
- Deinstitutionalization
- Civil commitment
- Classification systems
- Offense criteria
- Risk criteria
- Situational offender
- career criminal
- Mentally handicapped
- long term prisoner
- Program criteria
- ANS: D REF: 142
- ANS: F REF: 136
- ANS: A REF: 150
- ANS: I REF: 152
- ANS: G REF: 152
- ANS: E REF: 131
- ANS: C REF: 132
- ANS: B REF: 143
- ANS: J REF: 149
- ANS: H REF: 152
ESSAY
- Compare the situational offender to that of a career criminal. What are the main differences and what are their similarities?
ANS: Answers will vary OBJ: 3
- Long term inmates face three major issues while they are incarcerated. Discuss all three issues and how inmates are affected by them.
ANS: Answers will vary OBJ: 3
- Discuss and describe the classification process of a correctional facility. Explain the importance for both the inmates and staff regarding this process.
ANS: Answers will vary OBJ: 4
- Identify the two reasons why the prison population is aging. What consequences does this have for corrections? What distinct advantages and challenges does the elderly inmate present? Should we continue to incarcerate people past a certain age? Why or why not?
ANS: Answers will vary OBJ: 5
- Discuss the mentally ill offender and the impact they are now making within corrections. Discuss the changes which have occurred over time regarding this type of inmate and the foreseeable changes in the future of corrections classification process.
ANS: Answers will vary OBJ: 3
CHAPTER 7
Jails: Detention and Short-Term Incarceration
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- Overall, jail population sizes tend to be:
| a. | stable. |
| b. | small. |
| c. | variable |
| d. | constant |
ANS: C REF: 157 OBJ: 2, 4, 6
- Which of the following pressures are not experienced by the local jail?
| a. | The direction of the jail is influenced by local law enforcement officials. |
| b. | Local politics, in particular party patronage, influences the operation of the jail. |
| c. | Local offender assistance programs are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. |
| d. | All of these are experienced by local jails. |
ANS: C REF: 164 OBJ: 6
- According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was:
| a. | the warehousing of the surplus population of immigrants. |
| b. | detention of those sentenced by the court. |
| c. | to make sure those accused of a crime would show up for their trials. |
| d. | to inflict short-term punishment (for example, corporal punishment) on the offender. |
ANS: C REF: 159 OBJ: 1
- Jails are the _________ the criminal justice system.
| a. | the most valued part of |
| b. | exitway from |
| c. | barrier to |
| d. | entry point into |
ANS: D REF: 160 OBJ: 1,2,4,6