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Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.)
Chapter 1Â Â Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry
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1) The water content in the human body is approximately:
- A) 90%.
- B) 80%.
- C) 70%.
- D) 60%.
- E) 50%.
Answer:Â C
2) The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are:
- A) hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.
- B) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
- C) sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen.
- D) sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur.
- E) carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and potassium.
Answer:Â B
Objective:Â 1.2
3) Nearly all proteins contain:
- A) cobalt.
- B) phosphorus.
- C) selenium.
- D) sulfur.
- E) none of the above.
Answer:Â D
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
- B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
- C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
- D) Proteins can be both hormones and hormone receptors.
- E) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions.
Answer:Â E
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
5) Which of the following is NOT classed as a lipid?
- A) Cholesterol
- B) Palmitic acid
- C) Glycerol
- D) Phosphatidyl serine
- E) Triacylglycerol
Answer:Â C
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
6) Amino acids and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide cannot be produced without the use of enzymes.
Answer:Â FALSE
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
7) Oxidation-reduction reactions, which are the basis of many biochemical reactions and pathways, cannot take place in the absence of oxygen.
Answer:Â FALSE
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
8) Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the removal of water.
Answer:Â TRUE
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
9) The principle component of a biological membrane is a triglyceride.
Answer:Â FALSE
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
10) The chemical element ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in the structure of nucleic acids.
Answer:Â phosphorus
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
11) List the four major classes of biological macromolecules.
Answer:Â lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
12) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because they have both ________ and ________ functional groups.
Answer:Â hydrophobic, hydrophilic
Objective:Â 1.2
Global LO:Â G7
13) Genomics is concerned with the entire ________, while ________ is focused on identifying all of the proteins of a cell.
Answer:Â genome, proteomics
Objective:Â 1.5
Global LO:Â G1
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.)
Chapter 2Â Â The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment
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1) Each of the following is a noncovalent interaction EXCEPT:
- A) a hydrogen bond.
- B) a carbon-hydrogen bond.
- C) the interaction between an amino and a carboxylate group.
- D) a van der Waals interaction.
- E) an interaction between —NH3+and a water molecule.
Answer:Â B
Objective:Â 2.1
Global LO:Â G7
2) The most important noncovalent interaction in biochemistry is the ________ bond.
Answer:Â hydrogen
Objective:Â 2.1
Global LO:Â G7
3) Which of the following is FALSE when considering van der Waals interactions?
- A) The van der Waals radius represents the most stable distance between two interacting centers.
- B) Van der Waals radii can determine molecular surfaces.
- C) Molecules that interact by van der Waals forces do not interpenetrate.
- D) The total interaction energy is the sum of the attractive and repulsive forces.
- E) They are not important in determining the stability of three-dimensional structures of proteins.
Answer:Â E
Objective:Â 2.2
Global LO:Â G2
4) Which of the following in biological compounds are sufficiently electronegative to serve as strong donors in a hydrogen bond?
- A) Hydrogen and oxygen
- B) Oxygen and nitrogen
- C) Nitrogen and hydrogen
- D) Hydrogen and carbon
- E) Nitrogen and carbon
Answer:Â B
Objective:Â 2.2
Global LO:Â G7
5) Hydrogen bonds share features of both covalent and noncovalent bonds.
Answer:Â TRUE
Objective:Â 2.2
Global LO:Â G2
6) Which of the following is TRUE of hydrophobic molecules?
- A) They have limited solubility in water.
- B) Water forms a cage-like structure around them.
- C) Dissolving in water decreases the entropy of the mixture.
- D) They self-associate by releasing some of the surrounding water molecules.
- E) All of the above
Answer:Â E
Objective:Â 2.3
Global LO:Â G2
7) Water is both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.
Answer:Â TRUE
Objective:Â 2.3
Global LO:Â G2
8) Amphipathic molecules are not able to interact via van der Waals forces.
Answer:Â FALSE
Objective:Â 2.3
Global LO:Â G2
9) Ionic compounds can be readily dissolved in water because the high dielectric constant of water screens and decreases the ________ force between the oppositely charged ions.
Answer:Â electrostatic
Objective:Â 2.3
Global LO:Â G7
10) The ________ describes the tendency for hydrophobic molecules to aggregate because of the exclusion of water with the consequent increase of entropy of the solvent.
Answer:Â hydrophobic effect
Objective:Â 2.3
Global LO:Â G7
11) Glycine cannot serve as a buffer because it has two ionizable groups.
Answer:Â FALSE
Objective:Â 2.4
Global LO:Â G7
12) The average charge on an amino acid below its pI will be positive.
Answer:Â TRUE
Objective:Â 2.4
Global LO:Â G2
13) Calculate the acid dissociation constant Ka of a 0.2 M solution of weak acid that is 0.1% ionized.
Answer: 2 × 10-7
Objective:Â 2.4
Global LO:Â G4
14) Calculate the pH of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pKa = 6.86) that contains equal amounts of acid and conjugate base.
Answer:Â 6.86
Objective:Â 2.4
Global LO:Â G4
15) Calculate the pH of a 0.2 M acetate buffer (pKa = 4.77) that contains twice as much acid as conjugate base.
Answer:Â 4.47
Objective:Â 2.4
Global LO:Â G4
16) The pKa of each amino acid residue in a protein will not be influenced by the adjacent residue.
Answer:Â FALSE
Objective:Â 2.5
Global LO:Â G2
17) Calculate the pH at the end of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if it were carried out in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.86 and 0.005 M of acid was produced during the reaction?
Answer:Â 6.77
Objective:Â 2.5
Global LO:Â G4
18) If hydroxide is added to an amino acid it will become increasingly ________ charged.
Answer:Â negatively
Objective:Â 2.6
Global LO:Â G7
19) Calculate the pH of a weak acid that is 0.2% ionized in a 0.2 M solution.
Answer:Â 3.39
Objective:Â 2.6
Global LO:Â G4
20) The net charge on an amino acid at its isoelectric point (pI) is ________.
Answer:Â zero
Objective:Â 2.7
Global LO:Â G7
21) Many proteins interact with DNA at physiological pH because:
- A) proteins are naturally attracted to DNA regardless of the pH.
- B) the negatively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to positively charged regions on proteins.
- C) the positively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to negatively charged regions on proteins.
- D) proteins and DNA interact using mainly hydrophobic interactions.
- E) both proteins and DNA are at their isoelectric points at physiological pH and tend to aggregate.
Answer:Â B
Objective:Â 2.8
Global LO:Â G2
22) Small ions in biological fluids:
- A) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at low ionic strengths.
- B) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at high ionic strengths.
- C) have no effect on the interactions between oppositely charged macroions.
- D) tend to cluster around macroions of the same charge.
- E) have large effects on pH.
Answer:Â A
Objective:Â 2.8
Global LO:Â G7