Test Bank For Biochemistry: Concepts And Connections 1st Edition by Dean R. Appling , Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill , Christopher K. Mathews

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Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.)

Chapter 1   Biochemistry and the Language of Chemistry

 

1) The water content in the human body is approximately:

1. A) 90%.
2. B) 80%.
3. C) 70%.
4. D) 60%.
5. E) 50%.

Answer:  C

 

2) The four most abundant chemical elements in living systems are:

1. A) hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.
2. B) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.
3. C) sodium, potassium, carbon and oxygen.
4. D) sodium, potassium, nitrogen and sulfur.
5. E) carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and potassium.

Answer:  B

Objective:  1.2

 

3) Nearly all proteins contain:

1. A) cobalt.
2. B) phosphorus.
3. C) selenium.
4. D) sulfur.
5. E) none of the above.

Answer:  D

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

4) Which of the following statements is FALSE?

1. A) Proteins can be structural components of cells.
2. B) Proteins can transmit signals between cells.
3. C) Proteins can transport molecules within cells and between cells.
4. D) Proteins can be both hormones and hormone receptors.
5. E) Proteins are the only biological polymer that can catalyze biochemical reactions.

Answer:  E

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

 

5) Which of the following is NOT classed as a lipid?

1. A) Cholesterol
2. B) Palmitic acid
3. C) Glycerol
4. D) Phosphatidyl serine
5. E) Triacylglycerol

Answer:  C

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

6) Amino acids and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide cannot be produced without the use of enzymes.

Answer:  FALSE

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

7) Oxidation-reduction reactions, which are the basis of many biochemical reactions and pathways, cannot take place in the absence of oxygen.

Answer:  FALSE

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

8) Many biochemical reactions that form biopolymers from monomeric units involve the removal of water.

Answer:  TRUE

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

9) The principle component of a biological membrane is a triglyceride.

Answer:  FALSE

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

10) The chemical element ________ has a role in both transfer of energy as well as in the structure of nucleic acids.

Answer:  phosphorus

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

11) List the four major classes of biological macromolecules.

Answer:  lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

 

12) An amphipathic molecule provides the foundation for biological membranes because they have both ________ and ________ functional groups.

Answer:  hydrophobic, hydrophilic

Objective:  1.2

Global LO:  G7

 

13) Genomics is concerned with the entire ________, while ________ is focused on identifying all of the proteins of a cell.

Answer:  genome, proteomics

Objective:  1.5

Global LO:  G1

Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (Appling et al.)

Chapter 2   The Chemical Foundation of Life: Weak Interactions in an Aqueous Environment

 

1) Each of the following is a noncovalent interaction EXCEPT:

1. A) a hydrogen bond.
2. B) a carbon-hydrogen bond.
3. C) the interaction between an amino and a carboxylate group.
4. D) a van der Waals interaction.
5. E) an interaction between —NH3+and a water molecule.

Answer:  B

Objective:  2.1

Global LO:  G7

 

2) The most important noncovalent interaction in biochemistry is the ________ bond.

Answer:  hydrogen

Objective:  2.1

Global LO:  G7

 

3) Which of the following is FALSE when considering van der Waals interactions?

1. A) The van der Waals radius represents the most stable distance between two interacting centers.
2. B) Van der Waals radii can determine molecular surfaces.
3. C) Molecules that interact by van der Waals forces do not interpenetrate.
4. D) The total interaction energy is the sum of the attractive and repulsive forces.
5. E) They are not important in determining the stability of three-dimensional structures of proteins.

Answer:  E

Objective:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

 

4) Which of the following in biological compounds are sufficiently electronegative to serve as strong donors in a hydrogen bond?

1. A) Hydrogen and oxygen
2. B) Oxygen and nitrogen
3. C) Nitrogen and hydrogen
4. D) Hydrogen and carbon
5. E) Nitrogen and carbon

Answer:  B

Objective:  2.2

Global LO:  G7

 

5) Hydrogen bonds share features of both covalent and noncovalent bonds.

Answer:  TRUE

Objective:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

 

6) Which of the following is TRUE of hydrophobic molecules?

1. A) They have limited solubility in water.
2. B) Water forms a cage-like structure around them.
3. C) Dissolving in water decreases the entropy of the mixture.
4. D) They self-associate by releasing some of the surrounding water molecules.
5. E) All of the above

Answer:  E

Objective:  2.3

Global LO:  G2

 

7) Water is both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor.

Answer:  TRUE

Objective:  2.3

Global LO:  G2

 

8) Amphipathic molecules are not able to interact via van der Waals forces.

Answer:  FALSE

Objective:  2.3

Global LO:  G2

 

9) Ionic compounds can be readily dissolved in water because the high dielectric constant of water screens and decreases the ________ force between the oppositely charged ions.

Answer:  electrostatic

Objective:  2.3

Global LO:  G7

 

10) The ________ describes the tendency for hydrophobic molecules to aggregate because of the exclusion of water with the consequent increase of entropy of the solvent.

Answer:  hydrophobic effect

Objective:  2.3

Global LO:  G7

 

11) Glycine cannot serve as a buffer because it has two ionizable groups.

Answer:  FALSE

Objective:  2.4

Global LO:  G7

 

12) The average charge on an amino acid below its pI will be positive.

Answer:  TRUE

Objective:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

13) Calculate the acid dissociation constant Ka of a 0.2 M solution of weak acid that is 0.1% ionized.

Answer:  2 × 10-7

Objective:  2.4

Global LO:  G4

 

14) Calculate the pH of a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pKa = 6.86) that contains equal amounts of acid and conjugate base.

Answer:  6.86

Objective:  2.4

Global LO:  G4

15) Calculate the pH of a 0.2 M acetate buffer (pKa = 4.77) that contains twice as much acid as conjugate base.

Answer:  4.47

Objective:  2.4

Global LO:  G4

 

16) The pKa of each amino acid residue in a protein will not be influenced by the adjacent residue.

Answer:  FALSE

Objective:  2.5

Global LO:  G2

 

17) Calculate the pH at the end of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction if it were carried out in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.86 and 0.005 M of acid was produced during the reaction?

Answer:  6.77

Objective:  2.5

Global LO:  G4

 

18) If hydroxide is added to an amino acid it will become increasingly ________ charged.

Answer:  negatively

Objective:  2.6

Global LO:  G7

 

19) Calculate the pH of a weak acid that is 0.2% ionized in a 0.2 M solution.

Answer:  3.39

Objective:  2.6

Global LO:  G4

 

20) The net charge on an amino acid at its isoelectric point (pI) is ________.

Answer:  zero

Objective:  2.7

Global LO:  G7

 

 

21) Many proteins interact with DNA at physiological pH because:

1. A) proteins are naturally attracted to DNA regardless of the pH.
2. B) the negatively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to positively charged regions on proteins.
3. C) the positively charged DNA is electrostatically attracted to negatively charged regions on proteins.
4. D) proteins and DNA interact using mainly hydrophobic interactions.
5. E) both proteins and DNA are at their isoelectric points at physiological pH and tend to aggregate.

Answer:  B

Objective:  2.8

Global LO:  G2

22) Small ions in biological fluids:

1. A) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at low ionic strengths.
2. B) encourage strong electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged macroions at high ionic strengths.
3. C) have no effect on the interactions between oppositely charged macroions.
4. D) tend to cluster around macroions of the same charge.
5. E) have large effects on pH.

Answer:  A

Objective:  2.8

Global LO:  G7