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Chapter 2 Genetics: Cells and Molecules
1. A basic understanding of heredity __________.
a. is a relatively new phenomena
b. did not happen until we fully understood DNA
c. can be found in almost all human societies
d. requires a thorough understanding of genetics and reproduction
(Answer c; page 36)
2. The term “gene” was coined by __________.
a. Jean Lamarck
b. Wilhelm Johannsen
c. Charles Lyell
d. Gregor Mendel
(Answer b; page 37)
3. The term “gene” was coined after DNA was observed.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 37)
4. Cellular and molecular genetics involves the study of __________.
a. pedigrees of related individuals
b. how species divide into populations
c. the evolutionary relationships among species
d. cells and DNA
(Answer d; page 37)
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5. Scientists working on genetic therapies for disease are working in which genetic field?
a. phylogenetics
b. population genetics
c. Mendelian genetics
d. molecular genetics
(Answer d; page 37)
6. Classical or Mendelian genetics involves the study of __________.
a. pedigrees of related individuals
b. how individuals vary within populations
c. the evolutionary relationships among groups of species
d. cells and DNA
(Answer a; page 37)
7. Classical geneticists focus more on than .
a. molecules, pedigrees
b. cells, populations
c. traits, molecules
d. populations, traits
(Answer c; page 37)
8. A geneticist tracking how various traits are passed from one generation to the next is
engaged in __________.
a. phylogenetics
b. population genetics
c. Mendelian genetics
d. molecular genetics
(Answer c; page 37)
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9. Population genetics involves the study of __________.
a. pedigrees of related individuals
b. how individuals vary within populations
c. the evolutionary relationships among species
d. cells and DNA
(Answer b; page 37)
10. A geneticist studying the variation between different groups of organisms of the
same species is engaged in __________.
a. phylogenetics
b. population genetics
c. Mendelian genetics
d. behavioral genetics
(Answer b; page 37)
11. Population geneticists only study traits at the molecular level.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 37)
12. The genetic field of phylogenetics is concerned with __________.
a. determining evolutionary relationships between species
b. studying varying groups within the same species
c. constructing pedigrees
d. none of these
(Answer a; page 37)
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13. A geneticist constructing tree-like diagrams that visually indicate relationships
between species is engaged in __________.
a. behavioral genetics
b. molecular genetics
c. phylogenetics
d. population genetics
(Answer c; page 37)
14. Phylogenetic analysis often employs the methods of molecular genetics.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 37)
15. Behavioral genetics is the study of how __________.
a. behavior influences genetics
b. pedigrees are influenced by genetic relationships
c. phylogenies effect behavior
d. genetics influence behavior
(Answer d; page 38)
16. Which of the following is the most controversial field?
a. behavioral genetics
b. molecular genetics
c. phylogenetics
d. population genetics
(Answer a; page 38)
117
17. Human biological variability arises from __________.
a. mostly genetic influences
b. mostly cultural influences
c. both of these
d. neither of these
(Answer c; page 38)
18. Which of the following is NOT a metaphor for genes used by modern scientists?
a. blueprint
b. homunculus
c. recipe
d. information storage
(Answer b; page 38)
19. Which of the following is the perfect metaphor for genes and how they behave?
a. homunculus
b. recipe
c. information storage
d. none of these
(Answer d; page 38)
20. The basic building block of life is the __________.
a. cell
b. gene
c. homunculus
d. organism
(Answer a; page 39)
118
21. Which of the following is an example of a multicellular organism?
a. bacteria
b. protozoa
c. worms
d. archaea
(Answer c; page 40)
22. The Marine sea slug is commonly studied because it possesses cells.
a. larger
b. colored
c. more
d. fewer
(Answer d; page 39)
23. Which of the following is true of prokaryotes?
a. they are single-celled organisms
b. they lack intercellular compartments
c. they include bacteria
d. all of these
(Answer d; page 39)
24. A single-celled organism with a nucleus is an example of a __________.
a. prokaryote
b. eukaryote
(Answer b; page 39)
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25. Organelles are common to __________.
a. prokaryotes
b. eukaryotes
(Answer b; page 39)
26. In eukaryotes, the piece of cellular anatomy that separates the genetic material from
the rest of the cell is called the __________.
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. organelle
d. plasma membrane
(Answer a; page 39)
27. Prokaryotes are simple cells with just a nucleus but no organelles.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 39)
28. A cell‟s plasma membrane __________.
a. separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell
b. is a fluid-filled space within a cell
c. contains a number of structures essential to cellular function
d. none of these
(Answer d; page 39)
29. A cell‟s nucleus __________.
a. separates the genetic material from the rest of the cell
b. is a fluid-filled space within a cell
c. contains a number of structures essential to cellular function
d. is the permeable outer boundary of the cell
(Answer a; page 39)
120
30. The part of the cell responsible for regulating the transport of materials into and out
of the cell is the __________.
a. nucleus
b. cytoplasm
c. organelle
d. plasma membrane
(Answer d; page 39)
31. The __________ contains organelles.
a. prokaryote
b. nucleus
c. cytoplasm
d. all of these
(Answer c; page 39)
32. Fossil prokaryotes appeared before eukaryotes.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 39)
33. The first eukaryotes appear in the fossil record around __________years ago.
a. 3.4 billion
b. 1.5 billion
c. 850 million
d. 600 million
(Answer b; page 39)
34. Multicellular organisms have dominated most of the history of life on earth.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 39)
121
35. Somatic cells __________.
a. are the sex cells
b. have the same function as gametes
c. are the cells of the body that are not gametes
d. only exist in prokaryotic organisms
(Answer c; page 39)
36. Tissues are comprised of __________.
a. somatic cells
b. stem cells
c. gametes
d. RNA
(Answer a; page 39)
37. The __________ are directly involved in reproduction.
a. somatic cells
b. gametes
c. stem cells
d. none of these
(Answer b; page 39)
38. Adult stem cells are totipotent.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 39)
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39. Embryonic may be helpful in curing cellular disorders like
Parkinson‟s disease.
a. gametes
b. somatic cells
c. germ cells
d. stem cells
(Answer d; page 40)
40. Which of the following can be found within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
a. mitochondria
b. ribosomes
c. RNA
d. glucose
(Answer c; page 42)
41. In most eukaryotic cells, the most prominent structure is the __________.
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. ribosomes
d. DNA
(Answer a; page 40)
42. Deoxyribonucleic acid has one main function – protein synthesis.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 42)
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43. RNA is essential for carrying out the function of DNA.
a. cell replication
b. energy production
c. cytoplasmic
d. protein synthesis
(Answer d; page 42)
44. The two main functions of DNA are __________.
a. protein synthesis and cell reproduction
b. protein synthesis and ATP production
c. ATP production and cell reproduction
d. there is only one function of DNA – protein synthesis
(Answer a; page 42)
45. Which of the following organelles is responsible for the production of ATP?
a. the nucleus
b. the endoplasmic reticulum
c. mitochondria
d. ribosomes
(Answer c; page 42)
46. Mitochondria have their own DNA separate from that within the cell‟s nucleus.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 42)
47. Ribosomes appear as little knobs on the __________.
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. cytoplasm
d. endoplasmic reticulum
(Answer d; page 42)
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48. Ribosomes have their own DNA separate from that within the cell‟s nucleus.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 422
49. Proteins are synthesized in a cell‟s __________.
a. RNA
b. nucleus
c. mitochondria
d. ribosomes
(Answer d; page 43)
50. DNA has to be able to do three things. What are they?
a. replicate, create ATP, and synthesize proteins
b. coordinate the activity of proteins, make the cell‟s energy, and self-replicate
c. replicate, make proteins, and coordinate the activity of proteins
d. none of these
(Answer c; page 42)
51. The basic unit of DNA is a molecule called a __________.
a. nucleotide
b. base
c. thymine
d. prokaryotic cell
(Answer a; page 42)
52. Nucleotides come together to form __________.
a. proteins
b. cells
c. bases
d. amino acids
(Answer d; pages 47)
125
53. A nucleotide consists of three parts __________.
a. a phosphate, a sugar, and a ribosome
b. a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
c. a phosphate, a base, and a nucleus
d. a sugar, a base, and a ATP particle
(Answer b; page 42)
54. The two classes of bases include the __________.
a. cytosines
b. thymines
c. purines
d. adenines
(Answer c; page 43)
55. In DNA, bond to .
a. sugars, purines
b. thymines, pyrimidines
c. phosphates, uraciles
d. sugars, phosphates
(Answer d; page 43)
56. DNA base combinations are always __________.
a. A-T or C-G
b. A-G or C-T
c. G-T or A-C
d. none of these
(Answer a; page 43)
57. RNA is a single stranded molecule.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 44)
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58. Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?
a. thymine
b. uracil
c. guanine
d. adenine
(Answer b; page 44)
59. Virtually every cell of the body contains the same copy of DNA.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 44)
60. DNA replication requires an entire original strand of DNA to __________.
a. be destroyed
b. mutate
c. split
d. all of these
(Answer c; page 44)
61. Permanent changes in the DNA of a cell are called mutations.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; pages 45)
62. Hormones, antibodies, and hemoglobin are all __________.
a. enzymes
b. amino acids
c. catalysts
d. proteins
(Answer d; pages 46)
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63. Proteins are comprised of long chains of __________.
a. hormones
b. amino acids
c. hemoglobin
d. enzymes
(Answer b; page 47)
64. Some of the amino acids essential to creating proteins cannot be synthesized by the
body.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 46)
65. The base-pair sequence of DNA is known as __________.
a. a polypeptide
b. a hormone
c. the genetic code
d. none of these
(Answer c; page 46)
66. The genetic code is comprised of , each representing
.
a. amino acids, polypeptides
b. codons, genes
c. polypeptides, genes
d. codons, amino acids
(Answer d; page 47)
128
67. Most of the amino acids are represented by more than one codon.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 46)
68. Which of the following structures is smallest?
a. gene
b. codon
c. organelle
d. cell
(Answer b; page 46)
69. Which of the following best defines a gene?
a. a three-base code for an amino acid
b. a three-base code for a polypeptide
c. a multiple-codon code for an amino acid
d. a multiple-codon code for a polypeptide
(Answer d; page 47)
70. Protein synthesis is a two-step process involving __________.
a. transcription and replication
b. replication and translation
c. transcription and translation
d. mutation and replication
(Answer c; page 47)
71. Transcription occurs in the __________.
a. cytoplasm
b. ribosome
c. messenger RNA
d. nucleus
(Answer d; page 47)
129
72. mRNA __________.
a. carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
b. splits a DNA molecule during transcription
c. is completed replicated
d. carries amino acids to a ribosome to be attached to other amino acids
(Answer a; page 48)
73. tRNA __________.
a. carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
b. splits a DNA molecule during transcription
c. is completed replicated
d. carries amino acids to a ribosome to be attached to other amino acids
(Answer d; page 48)
74. mRNA post-transcriptional processing involves the mRNA losing exons and keeping
introns.
a. True
b. False
(Answer b; page 49)
75. The majority of DNA does not do anything but replicate.
a. True
b. False
(Answer a; page 50)
76. Most of time, DNA is in its chromatin state. That is to say, it is __________.
a. coiled into chromosomes
b. tightly packed
c. in its diploid state
d. existing in uncoiled strands
(Answer d; page 50)
