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Chapter 2: Application Layer
Test Bank
True-False Questions
The following are possible True/False questions for tests. The statement is given and the answer
is provided in square brackets. The level of difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult) and the page
number(s) relevant to the topic are also furnished.
1. An application architecture is the way in which the functions of the application layer are
performed solely by the clients in the network.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Application Architectures
2. The four general functions of any application program are: data storage, data access logic,
application logic and presentation logic.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
3. A cluster is a group of computers that are linked together so they act as a one computer.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
4. A network computer is designed primarily to communicate using Internet based standards, but
has no hard disk. It has only limited functionality.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
5. Host-based and client-based networks are similar in that the client computer performs most of
the work.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
6. The earliest data communications networks were client-server networks.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Host-Based Architectures
7. As the demand for more and more network applications grow; host-based computing becomes
the best solution.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Host-Based Architectures
8. One major drawback to a client-server network lies in the fact that client-server networks
enable software and hardware from different vendors to be used together.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
9. In a client-server network, the presentation logic is the responsibility of the client computer.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
10. The two functions of middleware are to: 1) provide a standard way of communicating that
can translate between software from different vendors, and 2) manage the message transfer
between clients and servers so that clients do not need to „know‟ which server contains the
application‟s data.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
11. Middleware is the software that sits between the application software on the client and the
application software on the server.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
12. In the three-tier architecture, the software on the client computer is responsible for the
presentation logic, an application server is responsible for the application logic and a separate
database server is responsible for the data access logic and data storage.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Two-Tier, Three Tier, and n-Tier Architectures
13. A “thin client” approach places most of the application logic on the client.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Thin Clients versus Thick Clients
14. The application architecture called the distributed computing model uses the “thick” client
approach.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Thin Clients versus Thick Clients
15. Scalability refers to the ability to increase or decrease the capacity of the computing
infrastructure in response to changing capacity needs.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Scalability
16. To use the Web, each client computer requires a data link layer software package called a
Web browser.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How the Web Works
17. The standard protocol for communication between a Web browser and a Web server is the
web protocol.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: How the Web Works
18. The World Wide Web was conceived at University of Utah as part of the development of the
Internet.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: World Wide Web
19. A request header for an HTTP request starts with a command, such as GET, and ends with
the HTTP version number that the browser understands.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Inside an HTTP Request
20. All three parts (request line, request header, request body) of an HTTP request from a web
browser to a web server are required when a request is made.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Inside an HTTP Response
21. The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is the least commonly used e-mail standard.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How E-Mail Works
22. The two-tier e-mail architecture does not require any application software on the client
computer.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-Tier E-mail Architecture
23. Using the POP standard for client to server e-mail communication, the e-mail messages
remain on the server computer.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-Tier E-mail Architecture
24. Web-based e-mail like Hotmail is an example of three-tier client-server architecture that
provides access to e-mail messages.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Three-Tier Client-Server Architecture
25. The fundamental problem in client-based networks is that all data on the server must travel to
the client for processing
Answer: True
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Client-based architectures
MULTIPLE CHOICE
The following are possible multiple-choice questions for tests. The question is posed and the
answer is provided under the choices. The level of difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult) and the
page number(s) relevant to the topic is also furnished.
1. A(n) __________ is the way in which the functions of the application layer software are
spread among the clients and servers in the network.
a. anonymous FTP
b. data access logic
c. fat client
d. application architecture
e. response status architecture
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
2. A ________ is a very large general-purpose computer that is capable of performing very many
functions as if these are done simultaneously, and storing extremely large amounts of data.
a. workstation
b. transaction terminal
c. cluster
d. mainframe
e. personal computer
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
3. Which of the following is not the type of computer commonly used as a server:
a. personal computer
b. network computer
c. handheld
d. mainframe computer
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
4. A ________ is a group of computers linked together so that they act as one computer.
a. workstation
b. transaction terminal
c. cluster
d. network computer
e. transaction terminal
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
5. A _____________ is the type of computer you use in your home and is the most common type
of client today.
a. personal computer
b. mainframe
c. handheld
d. cluster
e. transaction terminal
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
6. A ________ is a group of computers linked together so that they act as one computer.
a. handheld
b. mainframe
c. network computer
d. cluster
e. transaction terminal
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Technical Focus
7. Which of the following is not true a dumb terminal:
a. it has a monitor, keyboard and no CPU
b. all the processing takes place on the host computer.
c. it does not participate in the processing of the data it displays
d. you can install your latest application software on it.
e. it is basically an input/output device.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Technical Focus
8. Which of the following is not a general function by any application program?
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Application Architectures
9. _________ is an application program function that deals with storing and retrieving data.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
10. An application program function is __________, or the processing required to access data.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
11. ______________, or the algorithms or business logic programmed into the application, can
be simple or complex depending on the application.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
12. ________ is the presentation of information to the user and the acceptance of the user‟s
commands.
a. data storage
b. data access logic
c. application logic
d. presentation logic
e. application access storage
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Application Architectures
13. One underlying problem with a host-based network is that:
a. there are economies of scale because all computer resources are centralized
b. the server can get overloaded since it must process all messages
c. the architecture is relatively simple and works well
d. the server is the one point of control which simplifies security
e. clients (terminals) do not require sophisticated hardware/software because they do not perform
most of the work in this type of architecture
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Host-Based Architectures
14. With a client-based network, one fundamental problem is that:
a. the clients each must store all the data
b. the server does not have any data storage capability
c. the host or server must perform presentation logic, application logic, and data access logic at
the same time
d. all data on the server must travel to the client for processing
e. the clients must perform the data storage logic
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Client-Based Architectures
15. With the two-tier client-server architecture, the client is responsible for the ________ logic
and the server is responsible for the ________ logic.
a. Application; presentation
b. Presentation; data access
c. Data access; presentation
d. Application; data access
e. Presentation; application storage
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Two-Tier, Three-Tier, and n-Tier Architectures
16. Client-server architectures:
a. cannot connect computers that use different hardware
b. are one of the least used network architectures today
c. can use middleware to provide a standard way of communicating between software from more
than one vendor
d. assign the responsibility for the presentation logic to the server
e. were the earliest type of network architectures
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
17. How are the application architecture functions split up in a client-server network?
a. the presentation logic and data storage are on the client, while the data access logic is on the
server
b. the data storage, data access, and presentation logic are on the client
c. the presentation logic is on the client, while the data storage and data access logic are on the
server
d. the data storage and data access logic are on the client, while the presentation logic are on the
server
e. the presentation logic and data access logic are on the client, and the data storage is on the
server
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
18. In a client-server network, _________ gets software from different vendors to work together.
a. a front-end processor
b. serverware
c. middleware
d. centerware
e. programmer
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
19. ____________ is not an important middleware standard.
a. CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture
b. Distributed Computed Environment (DCE)
c. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
d. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
e. none of the above is an appropriate answer
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Client-Server Architectures
20. A(n) _________-tiered architecture uses only two sets of computers: one set of clients and
one set of servers.
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. five
e. n
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-Tier, Three-Tier, and n-Tier Architectures
21. In the three tier architecture the software on the client computer is responsible
for____________.
a. presentation logic
b. application logic
c. data access logic
d. data storage
e. application storage
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-Tier, Three-Tier, and n-Tier Architectures
22. An N-tiered architecture:
a. is generally more “scalable” than a three-tiered architecture
b. is generally less “scalable” than a three-tiered architecture
c. uses only two sets of computers in which the clients are responsible for the application and
presentation logic, and the servers are responsible for the data
d. uses exactly three sets of computers in which the client is responsible for presentation, one set
of servers is responsible for data access logic and data storage, and application logic is spread
across two or more different sets of servers
e. puts less load on a network than a two-tiered architecture because there tends to be less
communication among the servers
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-Tier, Three-Tier, and n-Tier Architectures
23. One disadvantage of the ____________ architecture is that places a greater load on the
network.
a. two-tier
b. three tier
c. one-tier
d. n-tier
e. layered
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-Tier, Three-Tier, and n-Tier Architectures
24. A “thin client” architecture approach:
a. always is a two-tier network architecture
b. always is an n-tiered architecture
c. places all or almost all of the application logic on the client
d. places all or almost all of the application logic on the server
e. refers to the size of the cable connecting the clients to the network
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Thin Clients versus Thick Clients
25. A “thick client” architecture approach:
a. always is a two-tier network architecture
b. always is an n-tiered architecture
c. places all or almost all of the application logic on the client
d. places all or almost all of the application logic on the server
e. refers to the size of the cable connecting the clients to the network
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Thin Clients versus Thick Clients
26. With the “thin client” architecture, when an application changes, only the _________ with
the application logic needs to be updated.
a. client
b. server
c. middleware
d. hardware
e. software
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Thin Clients versus Thick Clients
27. With respect to costs for a client-server network, which of the following is true?
a. Personal computers used as clients in a client-server network cost about the same as
mainframes for the same amount of computing power.
b. More network capacity, which costs more money, is required for client-server networks than
for client-based networks.
c. Experts believe that client server architectures can be complex, but that developing application
software for host based architectures is usually cheaper.
d. Updating the network with new version of software tends to be less expensive in a clientserver network since the software is centralized in one client.
e. None of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Cost of Development
28. The idea for a special hypertext network, called the World Wide Web, was conceived of by:
a. Microsoft in 1994 as part of the Windows 95 project
b. Tim Berners-Lee at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) in 1989
c. Vinton Cerf, for the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969 as a network of four computers
called ARPANET
d. Howard Flieshman of IBM in 1982 as part of the development of the IBM PC
e. the University of Minnesota as an extension of Gopher
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: World Wide Web
29. Marc Andreessen led a team that developed the first graphical Web browser, which was
called:
a. Internet Explorer
b. Mosaic
c. Firebird
d. Netscape Navigator
e. Mozilla
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: World Wide Web
30. To interact with the World Wide Web, a client computer needs an application layer software
package called a:
a. Web browser
b. Web server
c. Telnet package
d. Uniform Resource Locator package
e. Router package
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How the Web Works
31. Each server on a network that needs to act as a web server needs an application layer
software package called a (n) ______________.
a. browser
b. application web
c. web server
d. operating system
e. none of the above
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How the Web Works
32. To get a page from the Web, a user must type in a URL, which stands for:
a. Unknown Resource Locator
b. Unknown Router Location
c. Uniform Router Location
d. Uniform Resource Locator
e. Uniform Resource Library
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How the Web Works
33. The protocol that makes it possible for a Macintosh web browser to be able to retrieve a Web
page from a Microsoft Web server is called _____________________.
a. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
b. File Transfer Protocol
c. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
d. Internet Message Access Protocol
e. Hyperlink Transfer Protocol.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: How the Web Works
34. There are optional and required parts of an HTTP request. They are:
a. request address, request body
b. request address, request header, request body
c. request line, request header
d. request line, request body
e. request line, request header, request body
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Inside an HTTP Request
35. There are required and optional parts of an HTTP response. They are:
a. response status, response header, response body
b. response address, response header, response body
c. response status, response body
d. response address, response header
e. response status, response header
Answer: A
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Inside an HTTP Response
36. A response status code of 404 means:
a. the requested page was not found
b. the server is currently unavailable
c. the sever is currently busy
d. your browser is incompatible with the Web server software.
e. your browser needs to be updated to the latest version.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Inside an HTTP Response
37. The acronym, HTML, refers to:
a. Header Markup Language
b. Hypertext Markup Locator
c. Hypertext Markup Language
d. Hypertext Markup Library
e. Hypertext Modulating Language
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Inside an HTTP Response
38. Which of the following is not an advantage of instant messaging?
a. It usually takes days for an IM message to be delivered to the recipient.
b. It allows real time typed messages to be exchanged.
c. Some products are ICQ and AOL Instant Messenger.
d. It is generally faster than snail-mail.
e. It helps people avoid telephone tag.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Instant Messaging
39. The most commonly used e-mail standard is:
a. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
b. X.400
c. CMC
d. Post Office Protocol
e. Telnet
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How E-mail Works
40. In a two-tier client-server architecture, a client computer needs to use an application layer
software package called a ________________ to send e-mail:
a. message transfer agent
b. router agent
c. user agent
d. Webcast package
e. gateway agent
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Two-tier E-mail Architecture
41. Which of the following is not a user agent package?
a. Outlook Express
b. Microsoft Word
c. Fedora
d. Netscape Messenger
e. Microsoft Outlook
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Two-tier E-mail Architecture
42. Another term for a user agent is:
a. message transfer agent
b. router agent
c. e-mail client
d. Webcast package
e. Web client
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-tier E-mail Architecture
43. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol):
a. is a set of standards that define how email is to be processed between mail servers
b. is exactly the same as SMTP
c. copies an e-mail message from the client computer‟s hard disk, deletes it from the client, and
stores it on the mail server
d. is exactly the same as POP
e. permits an e-mail message to remain stored on the mail server even after they have been read
by a client computer
Answer: E
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Two-tier E-mail Architecture
44. In a ___________ architecture, computers are both client and server, thus sharing the work.
a. Host-based
b. Client-based
c. Client-server
d. Peer-to-peer
e. Network
Answer: D
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Application Architectures
45. With a _____________, one computer acts as several servers.
a. Mainframe
b. Virtual server
c. Terminal
d. Network computer
e. Transaction terminal
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Technical Focus 2.1
46. The acronym, MIME, refers to:
a. Multimedia Internet Mail Enterprise
b. Multiple Internet Media Extension
c. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
d. Media Internet Mail Extension
e. Multimedia Internet Mime Extension
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Attachments in Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
47. One of the most frequently used Telnet applications is
a. WS-FTP
b. PuTTY
c. Outlook
d. Word
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Telnet
48. The fastest growing form of videoconferencing is
a. mainframe
b. Outlook
c. Telnet
d. webcasting
e. desktop
Answer: E
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Videoconferencing
49. Which of the following is not true about Telnet?
a. Telnet requires an application layer program on the client computer and an application layer
program on the server or host computer.
b. Telnet poses no security threat.
c. Telnet was designed in the early days of the Internet.
d. You are using a host-based architecture with Telnet.
e. One program that conforms to the Telnet standard is EWAN.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Telnet
50. _________ is a special type of one directional; videoconferencing in which content is sent
from the server to the user.
a. broadcasting
b. instant messaging
c. webcasting
d. H.323
e. Net Meeting.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Video Conferencing
51. In a host-based system with a mainframe, upgrades to the host are _____________.
a. Small
b. Cheap
c. Lumpy
d. Never going to happen
e. Always performed annually
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: Host-based architectures
52. The software that runs on the mail server is referred to as the ____________
a. Mail transfer agent
b. Mail user agent
c. Microsoft Outlook
d. Web server
e. SMTP
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Reference: How e-mail works
53. The standards H.320, H.323, and MPEG-2 are commonly used with
a. Telnet
b. Videoconferencing
c. Email
d. IM
e. Microsoft Office
Answer: B
Difficulty: Moderate
Reference: Videoconferencing
Essay and Short Answer Questions
1. Describe the history of the Internet and the Web (part of this is in Chapter 1, part in Chapter
2). Where do you forsee the future evolution of the Internet heading, and why?
2. What do the following tools enable you to do: the Web, email, Telnet, IM?
3. How can the Internet be used for competitive advantage in business? Describe three firms
which are using the Internet for conducting business, and speculate as to the underlying
technologies which might be in use in these firms. Will the Internet become an essential business
tool like the telephone or will it go the way of the dinosaurs? What do you envision the Internet
and web becoming in the future for businesses? Discuss.
4. For what is HTTP used? What are its major parts? Are all required?
5. For what is HTML used? What are its major parts? Are all required?
6. Describe how a Web browser and Web server work together to send a web page to a user.
Draw a diagram and label the parts to assist you in your description.
7. Describe how mail user agents and message transfer agents work together to transfer mail
messages, including a diagram.
8. Describe the difference between a two tier and three tier email message transfer, using
diagrams and discussing how this approach differs from the two layer email transfer. Do users
always require the same architecture for email? Why or why not? Discuss.
9. What is MIME? What does it stand for? Why was it developed?
10. What are the standards SMTP, POP, and IMAP? What roles do SMTP, POP, and IMAP play
in sending and receiving email on the Internet? What do these acronyms stand for?
11. What are the major parts of an email message?
12. What is X.400 and CMC?
13. What is cloud computing and how is it useful?
14. What is Telnet and why is it useful?
15. What is IM? How does it work? Draw a schematic of it.
17. Discuss the functions of a web browser. Describe two web browsers. What was the first
graphical Web browser? What are three search engines that you might use to find information on
the Internet?
18. What are the three major parts of an HTTP request and what information does each part
contain? Why does HTTP include a version number as part of the packet?
19. What do a user agent and message transfer agent do in an SMTP/IMAP email system? What
are some examples of user agent packages?
20. Describe and sketch a two tier, three tier and n-tier architecture. What is a network
architecture? Compare and contrast two-tiered, three-tiered, and n-tiered client server
architectures. What are the technical differences and what advantages and disadvantages do each
offer? How does a 2-tier client server network differ from an n-tier client server network.
Describe one advantage and one disadvantage that a 3-tier architecture has compared to a 2-tier
architecture.
21. What are the advantages and disadvantages of host-based networks versus client-server
networks? Explain two major benefits and/or limitations of client-server networks compared to
host-based networks.
22. What is middleware and what does it do?
23. Suppose your organization was contemplating switching from a host-based architecture to
client-server. What problems would you foresee?
