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Chapter Two
Being Aware of Self and Others
Multiple Choice Questions
1) When someone has an awareness of their own and others’ thoughts, actions, and motivations, they are
considered to be .
A. competent
B. aware
C. adaptable
D. mindful
Answer: D
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 28
2) According to your textbook which of the following is something the mindful leader does NOT focus
their awareness on?
A. Leadership assumptions
B. Organizational culture
C. Ethics
D. Systematic flow
Answer: D
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 28
3) A pattern of communication behaviors that others observe when you interact with them is
.
A. social style
B. mindfulness
C. nonverbal communication
D. assertiveness
Answer: A
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 28
4) Nick is an intern at a local news network. Management at the network is very impressed with Nick
because he actively disagrees with other coworkers, is not afraid to make requests, and can stand up
for himself without attacking someone else. What social dimension is Nick exhibiting?
A. Responsiveness
B. Adaptability
C. Expressiveness
D. Assertiveness
Answer: D
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 29
Test Bank for Business and Professional Communication
5) Mark is seen as a good listener and others seem to be very comfortable talking to him. What social
dimension best describes this part of Mark’s social style?
A. Assertiveness
B. Responsiveness
C. Adaptability
D. Mindfulness
Answer: B
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 30
6) Patty enjoys her work as a nurse because she feels that it gives her an opportunity to be supportive
and helpful to her patients. Patty’s social style is best characterized as .
A. driver
B. amiable
C. expressive
D. analytical
Answer: B
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 30
7) Rosa is a corporate trainer for a large banking organization. Her favorite aspects about the position
are that it allows her to be noticed by others, use her communication skills, and receive a lot of
attention. Rosa’s social style is best characterized as .
A. amiable
B. analytical
C. driver
D. expressive
Answer: D
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 30
8) Rose is an engineer. Her colleagues think that she is too critical and much too serious. What social
style does Rose exhibit?
A. Amiable
B. Analytical
C. Driver
D. Expressive
Answer: B
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 30
9) Dennis has been the governor of the state of Texas for the past 5 years. He loves being given so
much responsibility and he enjoys being able to direct others. What social style best describes
Dennis?
A. Amiable
B. Analytical
C. Driver
D. Expressive
Answer: C
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 30
Chapter Two: Being Aware of Self and Others
10) According to your textbook a person with high assertiveness and low responsiveness is considered to
have a(n) social style.
A. expressive
B. amiable
C. analytical
D. driver
Answer: D
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 31
11) Why is it important to know how other people perceive your social style?
A. Their perception influences how they treat you.
B. Their perception influences how you perceive yourself.
C. Their perception doesn’t matter; it only matters how you see yourself.
D. You can never know how another person perceives you, so you shouldn’t try.
Answer: A
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 32
12) Athena has an analytical social style; however, she is leading a project with a group of expressive
people. Because of this difference, she adapts her style to be more enthusiastic and friendly.
Athena’s ability to adapt is called .
A. awareness
B. style flexing
C. position flexing
D. classical leadership
Answer: B
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 33
13) Which of the following is NOT a reason that style flexing is important?
A. it enhances leadership effectiveness
B. it helps you tailor your message
C. it helps you maximize the fit between you and another person
D. it pushes other people to grow by forcing them adapting to you.
Answer: D
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 33
14) According to your textbook a classical approach to leadership relies on to motivate
employees.
A. benefits and rewards
B. personal relationships
C. internal motivation
D. decision making opportunities
Answer: A
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 34
Test Bank for Business and Professional Communication
15) Which leadership concept assumes that there is one best way to perform a specific task within an
organization with maximum efficiency, and that a leader’s job is to influence workers to behave in
this way?
A. Classical leadership
B. Human relations leadership
C. Human resource leadership
D. Systems assumptions leadership
Answer: A
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 34
16) Having the opportunity to be promoted is an example of a(n) .
A. leadership perk
B. motivation factor
C. hygiene factor
D. artifact
Answer: B
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 35
17) Having an office with a window is an example of a(n) _.
A. leadership perk
B. motivation factor
C. hygiene factor
D. artifact
Answer: C
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 35
18) Abraham Maslow’s theory of human needs is used to help describe which leadership assumption?
A. Classical
B. Human relations
C. Human resources
D. Systems
Answer: B
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 35
19) The primary difference between hygiene and motivation factors is that .
A. hygiene factors are concerned with recognition, while motivation factors are concerned with
working conditions
B. hygiene factors are concerned with job responsibility, while motivation factors are concerned
with the quality of supervision
C. hygiene factors are concerned with the amount of responsibility, while motivation factors are
concerned with working conditions
D. hygiene factors are concerned with satisfaction, while motivation factors are concerned with
motivation
Answer: D
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 35
Chapter Two: Being Aware of Self and Others
20) The Big Shore Company gives out free tacos every Tuesday, provides day care for the children of
their workers, and allows casual Fridays. What type of motivational approach does Big Shore
Company have?
A. Classical leadership
B. Human relations leadership
C. Human resources leadership
D. Systems leadership
Answer: B
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 35
21) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the human resources leadership
approach?
A. Workers are viewed as resources that can enhance an organization.
B. Workers are motivated by rewards and punishment.
C. Views organizations and teams as complex interconnected sets of elements.
D. People are motivated by their individual needs.
Answer: A
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 36
22) According to your textbook, communication in organizations that operate using human relations
leadership assumptions is typically .
A. downward
B. upward
C. multidirectional
D. tall
Answer: C
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 37
23) Neal is a new manager at a production company that puts an emphasis on production and accepts a
high turnover rate. On the Managerial Grid where should Neal try to place himself?
A. Country club management
B. Team management
C. Impoverished management
D. Authority-compliance
Answer: D
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 37
24) Paul has a very high concern for people, as well as a high concern for production. Where does Paul
fall on the Managerial Grid?
A. Country club management
B. Team management
C. Impoverished management
D. Authority-compliance
Answer: B
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 37
Test Bank for Business and Professional Communication
25) Sally has worked for the same company for 15 years and really cares for her employees. Sally does
not give her employees deadlines or demanding tasks, but believes they will get them done when they
need to be. Sally is a(n) type of manager on the Managerial Grid.
A. country club management
B. team management
C. impoverished management
D. authority-compliance
Answer: A
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 37
26) Being aware of the organizational culture is important because?
A. It influences how you communicate with others.
B. It is nice to know.
C. So you can explain it to others.
D. So you can know what to wear.
Answer: A
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 37
27) According to your textbook, a group’s set of distinctive beliefs, values, assumptions, and rules that
distinguish them from another is described as their .
A. leader
B. hygiene factor
C. system
D. culture
Answer: D
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 38
28) The learned patterns of beliefs, values, assumptions, rules, and norms that are shared by the people in
an organization are called .
A. organizational awareness
B. organizational culture
C. ceremonies
D. organizational stories
Answer: B
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 38
29) Stan has worked at his organization for 30 years. In recognition of his long career and hard work, his
organization will be hosting a dinner party. This celebration represents which factor of organizational
culture?
A. Artifacts and décor
B. Metaphors
C. Ceremonies
D. Stories
Answer: C
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 40
Chapter Two: Being Aware of Self and Others
30) Bob just walked into his new office area and saw that everyone was sitting in a cubicle, there were no
pieces of art on the walls, and all of the furniture matched. His observations represent what factor of
an organization’s culture?
A. Metaphors
B. Stories
C. Artifacts and décor
D. Written rules and policies
Answer: C
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 40
31) The idea that there can be several different cultures within a single organization is best represented by
which statement?
A. Organizational culture is created through communication.
B. Organizational culture is communicated both explicitly and implicitly.
C. Organizational culture includes multiple factors.
D. Organizational culture is multilayered and multifaceted.
Answer: D
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 40
32) According to your textbook organizational cultures .
A. never change
B. change only when the business is failing
C. constantly change
D. only change when a new CEO is hired
Answer: C
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 42
33) The beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right and wrong are called
.
A. leadership style
B. opinions
C. ethics
D. responsibility
Answer: C
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 42
34) Pam is a newly appointed manager at a local restaurant. Since the last manager was fired due to
ethics issues, she is making it a point to model ethical conduct at all times. She has hired a trainer to
deliver workshops on ethics in order to help prevent the unethical treatment of others. What
challenge is Pam trying to confront?
A. Challenge of deceit
B. Challenge of responsibility
C. Challenge of consistency
D. Challenge of ethics
Answer: B
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 43
Test Bank for Business and Professional Communication
35) When a leader informs team members of the criteria they use for making decisions, they are
managing the challenge of .
A. deceit
B. responsibility
C. consistency
D. decision making
Answer: C
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 44
True/False Questions
36) Being aware of your motivations, actions, and thoughts is being mindful.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 28
37) Krista thinks she is great at leading meetings, but the rest of her team does not agree. This
understanding represents mindfulness.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 28
38) Your social style is unique; no one has a social style that perfectly matches your own.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 28
39) Your social style is a combination of two primary dimensions – assertiveness and responsiveness.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 29-30
40) Because Ryan isn’t afraid to make requests or actively disagree with others, he has a high level of
responsiveness.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 29-30
41) You are considered to have an amiable social style if you enjoy working in supportive and helpful
roles.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 30
42) Analytical social styles are considered social specialists.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 30
43) Becoming aware of your own and others’ social styles gives you important information that you can
use to more effectively lead others.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 32
44) Style flexing is the process of your team adapting to your social style.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 33
Chapter Two: Being Aware of Self and Others
45) Bart is described as being flexible because he adapts his social style and communication to best fit the
group he is working with. Bart is demonstrating social flexing.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 33
46) According to classical leadership assumptions, there is more than one best way for a team or
organization to perform a given task.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 34
47) From a classical point of view, organizations can be described as being either tall or flat.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 34
48) Abraham Maslow’s theory of human needs is used to help understand the human resources leadership
approach.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 35
49) Communication based on the human relations approach to leadership concerns both task and
relationship issues.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 35
50) According to the human relations approach to leadership, people are only motivated by the current
working conditions such as the working environment and salary, not recognition and how interesting
the work is.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 35
51) Bill no longer enjoys his work because he was passed over for a promotion and does not believe he
will advance any further in the company. Bill is suffering from a lack of motivation factors.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 35
52) According to the human relations leadership perspective, people are motivated by their individual
needs.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 36
53) Upward communication is emphasized in the human resources approach.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 37
54) Impoverished management occurs when a manager has a low concern for people and a low concern
for production.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 37
Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
100
Test Bank for Business and Professional Communication
55) From a human relations approach, communication between workers is encouraged.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 37
56) Organizational culture affects all aspects of how the work gets accomplished.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 38
57) All of an organization’s culture can be learned by reading the employee handbook.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 39
58) The use of metaphors can help someone understand an organization’s culture.
Answer: TRUE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 40
59) An organization’s culture will never change.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 41
60) A good leader treats every coworker differently and does not explain how or why.
Answer: FALSE
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 44
Essay Questions
61) Explain why “becoming aware of your communication with yourself and others” is the first principle
and the two steps it typically take to become self-ware.
Answer: Becoming aware of your own communication and others is the first principle because all of
the other principles rely on this first step. If you are not aware of how you are communicating then it
is not possible to use verbal and non-verbal communication, listen, or adapt my message. A person
typically follows a two step process to becoming aware. The first step is being aware of how you and
others communicate. The second step is to determine if the way you are communicating with others
is effective.
Skill: Factual Page Ref: 27
62) Explain the importance of being aware of your own and other’s social styles.
Answer: Your social style is unique and, similar to a signature; no one has a social style that perfectly
matches your own. Becoming a mindful communicator and leader involves becoming aware of your
own social style and others’ social styles. This awareness allows you to more effectively adapt your
communication to others.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 28
Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
101
Chapter Two: Being Aware of Self and Others
63) Distinguish between “assertiveness” and “responsiveness.”
Answer: Assertiveness is an individual’s capacity to make requests, actively disagree, express
positive and negative personal feelings, and stand up for himself or herself without attacking another.
Responsiveness is an individual’s capacity to be sensitive to the communication of others, be seen as
a good listener, and to make others comfortable in communicating.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 29-30
64) Identify and briefly describe each of the 4 social styles using the assertiveness and responsiveness
grid, as well as characteristics of each social style.
Answer: The four social styles are amiable, analytical, driver, and expressive.
• An amiable social style is characterized by high responsiveness and low assertiveness. People
with this style are considered relationship specialists; they enjoy working in supportive and
helpful roles and can be described as conforming, unsure, pliable, dependent, awkward,
supportive, respectful, willing, dependable, and agreeable.
• An analytical social style is characterized by low responsiveness and assertiveness. Individuals
with this social style are considered technical specialists; they enjoy working in technical
positions and can be described as critical, indecisive, stuffy, picky, moralistic, industrious,
persistent, serious, exacting, and orderly.
• A driver social style is characterized by high assertiveness and low responsiveness. Persons with
this social style are considered control specialists; they often enjoy working in leadership and
management positions and can be described as pushy, severe, tough, dominating, harsh, strongwilled, independent, practical, decisive, and efficient.
• An expressive social style is characterized by high assertiveness and responsiveness. Individuals
with this social style are considered social specialists; they are able to use their communication
skills to gain recognition and attention, enjoy being noticed by others, and can be described as
competent, excitable, versatile, reacting, ambitious, stimulating, enthusiastic, dramatic, and
friendly.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 30
65) What is style flexing and how can style flexing impact communication?
Answer: Style flexing is the process of adapting your communication to how others communicate.
Style flexing can improve the effectiveness of your communication. For example, if you exhibit an
amiable social style and you are working with a team of drivers, you will enhance your leadership
effectiveness if you communicate more like a driver and are direct with members of the team and
focus on outcomes. Style flexing allows you to maximize the fit between you and another person or
team and provides a more productive and effective work environment.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 32
Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
102
Test Bank for Business and Professional Communication
66) Jamey is very enthusiastic, ambitious, dramatic, and friendly. She enjoys recognition and attention,
but many of her team members such as Juan are technical specialists who are serious, picky, critical,
and are resistant to communicating with others. What is Jamey and Juan’s social styles and how
should Jamey approach communicating with Juan?
Answer: Jamey has an expressive social style because she is high on both responsiveness and
assertiveness. Juan in contrast has an analytical social style and is low in both responsiveness and
assertiveness. Jamey should approach communicating Juan by being tasked focused, on time,
systematic, and minimizing dramatic gestures and vocal intensity.
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 33
67) List and define each of the three main approaches to leadership.
Answer: The four leadership assumptions are classical leadership, human relations leadership, human
resources leadership, and systems leadership.
• Classical leadership assumes that there is one best way to perform a specific task within an
organization with maximum efficiency, and that a leader’s job is to influence workers to behave
in this way.
• Human relations leadership assumes that people are motivated by their individual needs and that
it is important to have a positive, pleasant work climate to achieve maximum worker productivity.
• Human resources leadership is an approach that views workers as resources who can be full
partners in enhancing a team or organization.
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 34-37
68) Dana works as a technician at Happy Times Inc., her manager is very open about the decision making
process the company uses and involves the whole team in discussion about work procedures and
outcomes. Dana believes she has a better way to do her job, how should she approach communicating
this according to your textbook’s description of leadership approaches?
Answer: Dana appears to be working in a company that takes a human resources approach to
leadership because the management values her input, communicates with her about decisions and see
her as a partner. In a company that uses the human resources approach Dana should approach her
supervisor about her idea because upward communication is encouraged. In contrast if Dana worked
in an organization that emphasized human relations she would communicate more horizontally with
her coworkers.
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 37
69) Define the concept of organizational culture and explain why it is important.
Answer: Organizational culture is the learned pattern of beliefs, values, assumptions, rules, and norms
that are shared by the people in an organization. It is the way it feels to be a part of an organization
and affects all aspects of how the work is accomplished. Organizational culture is important because
it influences how we communicate with others. If you are not aware of the organizational culture and
fail to adapt to cultural expectations, conflict and stress may arise. Additionally, the culture within an
organization influences the way work gets done such as how closely you adhere to deadlines, how
often to take personal calls during the day, etc.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 38
Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
103
Chapter Two: Being Aware of Self and Others
70) Describe how organizational culture can be communicated both explicitly and implicitly.
Answer: Organizational culture can be explicitly communicated through written policies and verbal
directives that prescribe the time you are to arrive at work, when and if breaks are allowed, and what
time it is acceptable to leave at the end of the day. Culture can also be implicitly communicated
through the example set by others. If the organization does not have many written rules, than the
implicit actions of others is what determines the expectations of workers.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 39
71) Describe the five factors that help identify an organization’s culture according to your textbook and
give an example of each.
Answer: The five factors that contribute to an organization’s culture are written rules and policies,
stories, metaphors, ceremonies, and artifacts and décor.
• Written rules and policies are those aspects of the organization’s culture which are explicitly
stated. An employee handbook is an example of written rules and policies.
• Stories influence an organization’s culture by identifying who and what is valued in the company.
For example, if a story of a manager doing whatever it took to meet a deadline, including cutting
corners, is circulated around the office and admired then you can assume that productivity is
valued in that organization’s culture.
• Metaphors are used to simply describe the culture of an organization for others to understand.
For example when people say, “We’re all like a family.”
• Ceremonies such as rewards and rituals help identify what is valued in the company. A 10 year
anniversary dinner suggests that the company values loyalty and longevity.
• Artifacts and décor demonstrate the organization’s culture by how the company is decorated and
sets up their office space. Facebook’s corporate office is very open and colorful to encourage the
organizational culture of cooperation.
Skill: Applied Page Ref: 39-40
72) Explain how leaders can influence organizational culture.
Answer: Leaders influence the culture of an organization by the symbols they use, both verbally
(what they say) and nonverbally (what they do). Leaders can communicate organizational culture in
five ways: by what they focus on and pay attention to; how they react to major events; their actions as
role models, coaches, or teachers; the criteria they use to reward others; and the criteria used to
recruit, promote, and excommunicate others from the group.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 41-42
73) Define ethics and identify some of the key elements associated with being an ethical leader.
Answer: Ethics are the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right and
wrong. Being honest, sensitive to others’ needs, keeping sensitive information private, and not
intentionally decreasing others’ feelings of self-worth are all key elements associated with being an
ethical leader.
Skill: Conceptual Page Ref: 42
Copyright © 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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