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HomeTest Bank Test Bank For Essentials Of Geology Plus MasteringGeology With EText — Access Card Package, 11/E 11th Edition by Frederick K. Lutgens, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Edward J. Tarbuck, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Dennis G Tasa, Illustrator
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Test Bank For Earth: An Introduction To Physical Geology Plus MasteringGeology With EText — Access Card Package, 11/E 11th Edition by Edward J. Tarbuck, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Frederick K. Lutgens, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Dennis G Tasa, Illustrator $35.00

Test Bank For Essentials Of Geology Plus MasteringGeology With EText — Access Card Package, 11/E 11th Edition by Frederick K. Lutgens, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Edward J. Tarbuck, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Dennis G Tasa, Illustrator

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Category: Test Bank Tags: (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Dennis G Tasa, (Emeritus) Illinois Central College Edward J. Tarbuck, 11/E 11th Edition by Frederick K. Lutgens, Illustrator, Test Bank For Essentials Of Geology Plus MasteringGeology With EText — Access Card Package
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Essentials of Geology, 11e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 2   Matter and Minerals

 

1) Which of the following best defines a mineral and a rock?

  1. A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.
  2. A mineral consists of its constituent atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.
  3. In a mineral the constituent atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of different mineral grains.
  4. A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of different rock particles.

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

2) Which of the following is not a fundamental particle found in atoms?

  1. neutron
  2. selectron
  3. electron
  4. protons

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering, Understanding

 

3) Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ________.

  1. electrons in the nucleus
  2. protons in the nucleus
  3. neutrons in the outer nuclear shell
  4. electrons in the valence bond level

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

4) Which of the following is an accurate description of ionic bonding?

  1. Nuclei of bonding atoms exchange electrons; the resulting ions are bonded together by the attractive forces between the negative and positive nucleons.
  2. Atoms of two different elements share electrons and protons; the resulting compound is bonded together by the strong, binding energy of shared protons.
  3. Nuclei of two different atoms share electrons, and the resulting compound is tightly bonded by the very strong, induced, electronuclear bonds.
  4. Atoms of different elements, having gained or lost electrons, form negative and positive ions that are bonded together by attractive forces between ions with opposite charges. Answer: D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

5) Which of the following is correct for isotopes of the same element?

  1. The atoms have different numbers of protons and the same number of neutrons.
  2. The atoms have the same number of electrons and different numbers of protons.
  3. The atoms have different numbers of neutrons and the same number of protons.
  4. The atoms have different numbers of electrons but the same number of neutrons. Answer: C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.4 Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

6) What mineral is the hardest known substance in nature?

  1. silicate
  2. native gold
  3. diamond
  4. muscovite

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

7) Which carbonate mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid to produce visible bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?

  1. calcite
  2. quartz
  3. dolomite
  4. plagioclase

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

8) Which mineral is composed of silicon dioxide (SiO2)?

  1. calcite
  2. diamond
  3. olivine

D) quartz

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

9) Which of the following minerals is a silicate?

  1. hematite
  2. muscovite
  3. calcite D) halite

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

10) A cubic centimeter of quartz, olivine, and gold weigh 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams respectively.

This indicates that ________.

  1. gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivine
  2. gold is 6 to 7 times harder than olivine and quartz
  3. gold and olivine are silicates, quartz is elemental silicon
  4. olivine and quartz powders are harder than metallic gold

Answer:  A

Diff: 2

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals Bloom’s:  Applying, Analyzing

11) Which one of the following is a sodium and calcium feldspar with twinning striations? A) orthoclase

  1. microcline
  2. plagioclase

D) sanidine

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

12) Which of the following minerals is a ferromagnesian silicate?

  1. quartz
  2. orthoclase
  3. hornblende
  4. muscovite

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

13) Which of the following minerals is in the mineral group known as mica?

  1. orthoclase
  2. muscovite
  3. augite
  4. olivine

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

14) Which of the following best characterizes ferromagnesian silicates?

  1. They contain iron and magnetite, are black in color, and they have metallic lusters.
  2. They are black to dark-green silicate minerals containing iron and magnesium.
  3. They contain magnetite and ferroite, and they are clear to light green.
  4. They are mostly clear, colorless, and rich in the elements magnesium and ferrium.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals Bloom’s:  Understanding

15) Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?

  1. carbonates
  2. pyroxenes
  3. clays
  4. feldspars

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

16) Which one of the following is a typical product of weathering?

  1. micasmicas
  2. ferromagnesians
  3. feldspars
  4. clays

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

17) The ion at the center of a silicate tetrahedron is surrounded by ________.

  1. 4 oxygen ions
  2. 6 oxygen ions
  3. 4 sodium ions
  4. 6 sodium ions

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.7 The Silicates

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

18) Which one of the following describes a mineral’s response to mechanical impact?

  1. luster
  2. cleavage
  3. streak
  4. crystal form

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals Bloom’s:  Understanding

19) Which of the following denotes the purity of gold used in jewelry?

  1. carnot
  2. carette
  3. karat
  4. carlot

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals – “Did You Know?” Box

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

20) Ruby and sapphire are red and blue forms of the mineral ________.

  1. diamond
  2. turquoise
  3. emerald
  4. corundum

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond – “Did You Know?” Box

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

21) All silicate minerals contain which two elements?

  1. iron, silicon
  2. silicon, sodium
  3. oxygen, carbon
  4. silicon, oxygen

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.7 The Silicates

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

22) What element is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust by weight?

  1. carbon
  2. chlorine
  3. oxygen
  4. sodium

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.7 The Silicates

Bloom’s:  Understanding

23) The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________.

  1. streak
  2. cleavage
  3. cracking luster
  4. crystal form

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

24) What in the name given to an atom that gains or loses electrons in a chemical reaction? A) molecule

  1. ion
  2. isotope
  3. nucleon

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

25) An atom’s mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus? A) 19

  1. 7
  2. 13
  3. 6

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Applying

 

26) Which one of the following is not true for minerals? A) They have a specific, internal, crystalline structure.

  1. They can be a liquid, solid, or glass.
  2. They have a specific, predictable chemical composition.
  3. They can be identified by characteristic physical properties.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Bloom’s:  Understanding

27) In which type of chemical bonding are electrons shared between adjacent atoms?

A) ionic

B) subatomic

  1. covalent
  2. isotopic

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

28) How do the electrons behave in a mineral with metallic bonding? A) They are tightly bound to certain atoms and cannot readily move.

  1. They can move relatively easily from atom to atom inside the mineral.
  2. They react with protons to make neutrons in the outer valence shells.
  3. They move to adjacent negative ions, forming positive ions.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

29) Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?

  1. sulfides
  2. carbonates
  3. silicates
  4. chlorides

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.6 Mineral Groups

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

30) Which the following denotes the massive, positively charged, nuclear particles?

  1. protons
  2. electrons
  3. isotrons
  4. neutrons

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals Bloom’s:  Remembering

31) What are the lightest or least massive of the basic atomic particles?

  1. uranium nuclei
  2. protons
  3. electrons
  4. neutrons

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

32) Which of the following has the highest specific gravity?

  1. wood
  2. water
  3. gold
  4. quartz

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Applying

 

33) Which of the following will react readily with acids such as hydrochloric? A) calcite

  1. quartz
  2. diamond
  3. talc

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

34) Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral? A) luster

  1. color streak
  2. virtual absorption
  3. fluorescence

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals Bloom’s:  Remembering

35) What is the name of dark-colored mica?

  1. calcite
  2. biotite
  3. quartz
  4. olivine

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

36) Hornblende and the other amphiboles have what type of silicate structure?

  1. metallic
  2. sheet
  3. 3-D framework
  4. double chains

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.

 

37) a. electron             b. atom                        c. proton

Answer:  b

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

d. neutron
38) a. hardness            b. streak                       c. luster

Answer:  c

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

d. cleavage
39) a. quartz                b. olivine                     c. feldspar d. calcite

Answer:  d

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals; 2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals Bloom’s:  Applying

  • olivine b. quartz          c. amphibole   d. pyroxene

Answer:  b

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Applying

 

  • galena b. calcite          c. gypsum        d. halite

Answer:  a

Diff: 2

Chapter Subhead:  2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Applying

 

  • Calcite and dolomite are both carbonate minerals.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Applying

 

  • Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Mineral luster is broadly classified as either being metallic or opaque.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Electrically neutral atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Rock-forming silicate minerals have higher specific gravities than water.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals Bloom’s:  Applying

  • In a silicon-oxygen structural unit, silicon atoms occupy corners of a tetrahedron.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.7 The Silicates

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Calcite and halite react with dilute acids to evolve carbon dioxide.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding, Applying

 

  • All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

  • Orthoclase and plagioclase feldspars have quite different forms of cleavage.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

  • Diamond and quartz are both minerals composed of a single element.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals; 2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

  • The micas, biotite and muscovite, both exhibit one direction of cleavage.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals, Figure 2.24

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Nonmetallic minerals like quartz and gypsum have no industrial uses.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals Bloom’s:  Remembering

  • Ferromagnesian silicate minerals contain some magnesium and/or iron.

Answer:  TRUE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Positive ions are atoms that have gained electrons during a chemical reaction.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

  • Isotopes of the same element have the same mass number.

Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.4 Isotopes and Radioactive Decay

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Moh’s hardness scale is a relative measure of which physical property of minerals?

Answer:  hardness

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

  • What physical property denotes the color of a powdered mineral?

Answer:  streak

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • The physical property denoting a mineral’s tendency to crack along parallel, planar surfaces is known as what? Answer: cleavage

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • What is the hardest mineral known?

Answer:  diamond

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals Bloom’s:  Remembering

  • What is the chemical composition of graphite and diamond?

Answer:  carbon

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.9 Important Nonsilicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • In atoms, which electrons are involved in chemical bonding?

Answer:  valence

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

  • A compound is a stable chemical substance composed of two or more what?

Answer:  elements

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • What is the dominant form of chemical bonding exhibited by minerals such as native gold, native copper and copper-rich sulfides?

Answer:  metallic

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • What two major characteristics differentiate minerals from natural glasses? Answer: solid, internal arrangement of atoms

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Bloom’s:  Applying

 

  • Most glasses and some minerals exhibit a type of fracture characterized by nested and curved, crack surfaces. What term describes this property?

Answer:  conchoidal

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • Parallel, straight, linear imperfections visible on the cleavage surfaces of plagioclase feldspar are called what? Answer: striations

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

  • What is the smallest particle of matter that exhibits and defines the distinctive chemical characteristics of the individual elements?

Answer:  atom

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • What ferromagnesian silicate mineral is named for its green color?

Answer:  olivine

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Remembering

 

  • What mineral group forms by the breakdown and weathering of rock-forming silicate minerals and are important constituents of soils?

Answer:  clays

Diff: 1

Chapter Subhead:  2.8 Common Silicate Minerals

Bloom’s:  Understanding

 

Critical thinking and discussion questions. Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the information presented in Chapter 2 to answer the questions below.

 

  • Overall, the physical properties of minerals provide a reliable means to identify common minerals. However, certain properties can exhibit a range of characteristics or values making them less useful for identification purposes. Choose three physical properties that might vary considerably between samples of the same mineral and explain why such variability would exist.

Diff: 2

Chapter Subhead:  2.5 Physical Properties of Minerals

Bloom’s:  Applying, Evaluating

 

  • Based on the brief discussion of chemistry and chemical bonding in chapter 2, why do minerals rarely exhibit pure chemical compositions (100% always the same chemical composition)?

Diff: 2

Chapter Subhead:  2.3 Why Atoms Bond

Bloom’s:  Evaluating

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