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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 8e (McMurry)

Chapter 2   Atoms and the Periodic Table

 

1) The smallest amount of an element that retains that element’s characteristics is the

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.1

Global LO:  G2

 

2) Another name for atomic mass unit (amu) is the A) avogadro.

2. Kekule

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.1

Global LO:  G2

 

3) Which characteristics correctly describe a proton?

1. approximate mass 1 amu; charge +1; inside nucleus
2. approximate mass 5 × 10-4 amu; charge -1; outside nucleus
3. approximate mass 5 × 10-4 amu; charge +1; inside nucleus
4. approximate mass 1 amu; charge 0; inside nucleus
5. approximate mass 1 amu; charge +1; outside nucleus

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

 

4) Which particle has a mass approximately equal to the mass of a proton?

1. atom
2. electron
3. neutron
4. nucleus
5. quark

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

5) Protons possess a ________ charge, and neutrons possess a ________ charge.

1. negative; negative
2. negative; positive
3. positive; negative
4. positive; zero
5. zero; positive

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

 

6) Protons possess a ________ charge, and electrons possess a ________ charge.

1. negative; negative
2. negative; positive
3. positive; negative
4. positive; zero
5. zero; positive

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

 

7) Which characteristics correctly describe a neutron?

1. approximate mass 1 amu; charge +1; inside nucleus
2. approximate mass 1 amu; charge -1; inside nucleus
3. approximate mass 1 amu; charge 0; inside nucleus
4. approximate mass 5 × 10-4 amu; charge 0; inside nucleus
5. approximate mass 5 × 10-4 amu; charge -1; outside nucleus

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2, G4

 

8) Which characteristics correctly describe an electron?

1. approximate mass 1 amu; charge +1; inside nucleus
2. approximate mass 1 amu; charge -1; inside nucleus
3. approximate mass 1 amu; charge 0; inside nucleus
4. approximate mass 5 × 10-4 amu; charge 0; inside nucleus
5. approximate mass 5 × 10-4 amu; charge -1; outside nucleus

Answer:  E

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2, G4

9) In a neutral atom the number of ________ is equal to the number of ________.

1. protons; electrons
2. protons; neutrons
3. neutrons; electrons
4. protons + electrons; neutrons
5. none of the above

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.2

Global LO:  G2

 

10) Which statement is incorrect according to modern atomic theory? A) Some sugars have the formula C3.5H7O3.5.

1. An atom of 14N has the same approximate mass as an atom of 14C.
2. An atom of 14N behaves differently in chemical reactions than an atom of 14C.
3. An example of a chemical reaction is CaCO3 → CaO + CO2.
4. C2H6 and C3H8 are both possible compounds of carbon and hydrogen.

Answer:  A

Diff: 2

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.1

Global LO:  G2

 

11) Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?

1. electrons
2. neutrons
3. nucleus
4. orbitals E) protons

Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Section:  2.1

LO:  2.1

Global LO:  G2

 

12) An atom with Z = 26 and A = 58 contains ________ protons and ________ neutrons. A) 26; 58

1. 58; 26
2. 26; 32
3. 32; 26
4. 26; 84

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

13) An atom with Z = 35 and A = 80 contains ________ protons, ________ electrons, and ________ neutrons.

1. 35; 35; 80
2. 80; 35; 35
3. 35; 35; 45
4. 45; 80; 45
5. 45; 80; 35

Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

14) The atomic number of an atom containing 29 protons, 29 electrons, and 34 neutrons is

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

15) An atom containing 47 protons, 47 electrons, and 60 neutrons has a mass number of A) 13.

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

16) The value of Z for an atom containing 47 protons, 47 electrons, and 60 neutrons is A) 13.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

17) The value of Z for the element 37Ar is A) 37.

39. 945.
41. 945.

Answer:  E

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

18) For the isotope 71Ga, Z = ________ and A = ________.

1. 31; 40
2. 71; 31
3. 71; 40
4. 31; 71
5. 31; 69.723

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

19) The mass number of Bromine-81 is A) 81.

79. 904.

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

20) How many neutrons does an atom of Ti have?

1. 0
2. 22
3. 24
4. 46
5. 68

Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

21) Atoms of Cl contain ________ protons and ________ electrons.

1. 17; 17
2. 17; 18
3. 18; 17
4. 35; 18 E) 35; 17

Answer:  A

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

22) An atom with a mass number of 58 and 32 neutrons will have ________ protons.

1. 16
2. 26
3. 32
4. 58
5. 90

Answer:  B

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

23) The symbol of the element with 23 protons is A) Mg.

4. none of the above

Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

24) An atom with Z = 31 and A = 69 contains ________ protons and ________ neutrons. A) 31; 69

1. 69; 31
2. 31; 38
3. 38; 31
4. 31; 100

Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

25) The value of A for an atom containing 29 protons, 29 electrons, and 34 neutrons is A) 5.

Answer:  E

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

26) The value of Z for an atom containing 29 protons, 29 electrons, and 34 neutrons, is A) 5.

Answer:  B

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

27) The number of neutrons in an atom is equal to A) atomic number – mass number.

1. mass number – atomic number.
2. the atomic number.
3. the mass number.

Answer:  B

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

28) An atom that contains 47 protons, 47 electrons, and 60 neutrons is an isotope of A) Ag.

4. cannot be determined from the information given

Answer:  A

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

29) An isotope with 15 protons and 17 neutrons will have which symbol?

1. Cl
2. Cl
3. P
4. P
5. P

Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

30) Consider the isotope Br. The atomic number is ________, and the mass number is

________.

1. 79; 35
2. 35; 79
3. 44; 35
4. 35; 44
5. 35; 114

Answer:  B

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

31) Cobalt is element 27.  Cobalt-60 is used in the medical treatment of cancer.  How many neutrons and protons are contained in the nucleus of this isotope?

1. 27 neutrons, 33 protons
2. 33 neutrons, 27 protons
3. 27 neutrons, 27 protons
4. 33 neutrons, 33 protons
5. 60 neutrons, 27 protons

Answer:  B

Diff: 2

Section:  2.2, 2.3

LO:  2.2, 2.3

Global LO:  G4

32) Hydrogen exists as three isotopes.  These isotopes differ by the number of ________ contained in the atom.

1. neutrons
2. protons
3. electrons
4. charges
5. particles

Answer:  A

Diff: 2

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

33) Adding one proton to the nucleus of an atom A) converts it to an isotope of the same element.

1. increases its atomic mass by one unit, but does not change its atomic number.
2. increases its atomic number by one unit but does not change its atomic mass.
3. does not change either its atomic number or its atomic mass.
4. converts it to an atom of a different element.

Answer:  E

Diff: 1

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G4

 

34) Adding one neutron to the nucleus of an atom A) converts it to an isotope of the same element.

1. increases its atomic mass by two units, but does not change its atomic number.
2. increases its atomic number by one unit but does not change its atomic mass.
3. does not change either its atomic number or its atomic mass.
4. converts it to an atom of a different element.

Answer:  A

Diff: 1

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G2

 

• Naturally occurring iron contains 5.82% 54Fe, 91.66% 56Fe, 2.19% 57Fe, and 0.33% 58Fe.

The respective atomic masses are 53.940 amu, 55.935 amu, 56.935 amu, and 57.933 amu.

Calculate the average atomic mass of iron.

Answer:  55.847 amu.

Diff: 2

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G2

• An imaginary element Xq consists of two isotopes having masses of 100.0 amu and 102.0 amu. A sample of Xq was found to contain 20.0% of the 100Xq isotope and 80.0% of the 102Xq. Calculate the atomic weight of Xq.

100. 2 amu
101. 4 amu
102. 0 amu
103. 6 amu
104. 0 amu

Answer:  D

Diff: 3

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G9

 

37) An imaginary element Xz consists of two isotopes having masses of 100.0 amu and 102.0 amu. A sample of Xz was found to contain 75.0% of the 100Xz isotope and 25.0% of the 102Xz. Calculate the atomic weight of Xz.

100. 3 amu
101. 5 amu
102. 0 amu
103. 5 amu
104. 8 amu

Answer:  B

Diff: 3

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G9

 

38) Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

1. A) N
2. S-2
3. O2, O3
4. all are pairs of isotopes

Answer:  B

Diff: 2

Section:  2.3

LO:  2.3

Global LO:  G2

 

39) Which elements all belong in the same group?

1. C, N, O
2. Fe, Cu, Ni
3. B, Si, As
4. F, Cl, Br
5. Al, Ge, Sb

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

40) Elements in the Periodic Table are arranged according to A) alphabetical order.

1. atomic number.
2. atomic weight.
3. date of discovery.
4. number of neutrons.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

41) Which element is not a semimetal?

1. Al
2. Si
3. Ge
4. As
5. none of the above

Answer:  A

Diff: 2

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

42) Which group of elements contains only non-metals?

1. Mg, Ca, Sr
2. V, Cr, Mn
3. Cl, Ar, K
4. P, As, Se
5. C, S, I

Answer:  E

43) Which chemical symbol represents a non-metal?

1. Al
2. B
3. Ga
4. Si
5. P

Answer:  E

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

44) Which chemical symbol represents a metallic element?

1. Ar
2. Br
3. Ca
4. H
5. P

Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

45) Which chemical symbol represents a metalloid?

1. Al
2. B
3. Ga
4. Zn
5. Ar

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

46) Which group contains only metalloids?

1. Ni, Pd, Pt
2. Si, Ge, As
3. Ce, Pr, Nd
4. Kr, Xe, Rn
5. Po, Fr, Ac

Answer:  B

47) Which of the following is an alkali metal?

1. Al
2. Cl
3. He
4. Na
5. O

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

48) Magnesium is an example of a(an) A) alkali metal.

1. alkaline earth.
3. noble gas.
4. transition metal.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

49) Which of the following elements is a noble gas?

1. Cl
2. H
3. N
4. Ne
5. O

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

50) Which group contains only noble gases?

1. Ni, Pd, Pt
2. Si, Ge, As
3. Ce, Pr, Nd
4. Kr, Xe, Rn
5. Po, Fr, Ac

Answer:  D

 

51) Which column of the periodic table contains only nonmetals?

1. 4A
2. 5A
3. 6A
4. 7A
5. 3A

Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Section:  2.4

LO:  2.4

Global LO:  G2

 

52) Element Z has the following properties:

 

1. noncombustible
2. unreactive
3. colorless, odorless gas at room temperature
4. nonconductor of electricity

 

Element Z can be classified as a ________ and will be found ________ the zigzag line of the periodic table. A) metal; to the left of

1. metalloid; along side of
2. non-metal; to the right of
3. non-metal; along side of
4. metal; to the right of

Answer:  C

Diff: 3

Section:  2.5

LO:  2.5

Global LO:  G2

 

53) Which element is most likely to have chemical properties similar to those of potassium (atomic number 19)?

1. Ar (atomic number 18)
2. Ca (atomic number 20)
3. Sc (atomic number 21)
4. Rb (atomic number 37)
5. Sr (atomic number 38)

Answer:  D

Diff: 2

Section:  2.5

LO:  2.5

Global LO:  G2

54) Which element is most likely to have chemical properties similar to those of bromine (atomic number 35)?

1. S (atomic number 16)
2. Se (atomic number 34)
3. Kr (atomic number 36)
4. Te (atomic number 52)
5. I (atomic number 53)

Answer:  E

Diff: 2

Section:  2.5

LO:  2.5

Global LO:  G2

 

55) Element Z has the following properties:

 

1. silvery-white solid at room temperature
2. malleable
3. used as a catalyst
4. conducts electricity

 

Element Z can be classified as a ________ and will be found ________ the zigzag line of the periodic table. A) metal; along side of

1. metalloid; along side of
2. non-metal; to the right of
3. non-metal; along side of
4. metal; to the left of

Answer:  E

Diff: 3

Section:  2.5

LO:  2.5

Global LO:  G2

 

56) The maximum number of electrons in any orbital is  A) 1.

Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Section:  2.6

LO:  2.6

Global LO:  G2

57) How many electrons can occupy the shell having n = 2?