Test Bank For Human Biology, 10th Edition by Cecie Starr Beverly McMillan – Digital Download File

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Chemistry of Life
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An element that represents less than 0.01 percent of body weight is known as a(n)
a. compound.
b. trace element.
c. molecule.
d. isotope.
e. analog.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
2. Which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?
a. atom
b. compound
c. ion
d. molecule
e. mixture
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
3. How many natural elements exist on Earth?
a. 100
b. 112
c. 88
d. 96
e. 110
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
4. Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
a. electron
b. neutron
c. photon
d. neutrino
e. proton
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
5. Which two subatomic particles are almost always equal in number?
a. electrons and neutrons
b. protons and neutrons
c. protons and electrons
d. photons and electrons
e. neutrons and neutrinos
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
14
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
6. Organisms consist mostly of four elements. They are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
a. iron.
b. chlorine.
c. silicon.
d. nitrogen.
e. phosphorous.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
7. The atomic number refers to the
a. mass of an atom.
b. number of protons in an atom.
c. number of both protons and neutrons in an atom.
d. number of neutrons in an atom.
e. number of electrons in an atom.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
8. An element’s mass number is equal to the sum of its
a. protons and electrons.
b. protons and neutrons.
c. electrons and neutrons.
d. protons only.
e. electrons only.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
9. Isotopes
a. are identical in mass number to the “standard” element.
b. contain a different number of electrons than the “standard” element.
c. contain a different number of protons than the “standard” element.
d. contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons than the “standard”
element.
e. are actually a different element than the “standard” element.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
10. Radioisotopes
a. are unstable and emit energy and particles to stabilize themselves.
b. are different elements from the “standard” elements.
c. are very stable and do not change over time.
d. contain more electrons than the “standard” element.
e. contain less electrons than the “standard” element.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.1
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
15
11.The negative subatomic particle is (are) the
a. neutron.
b. proton.
c. electron.
d. neutron and proton.
e. proton and electron.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
12. The neutral subatomic particle is (are) the
a. neutron.
b. proton.
c. electron.
d. neutron and proton.
e. proton and electron.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
13. The nucleus of an atom contains
a. neutrons and protons.
b. neutrons and electrons.
c. protons and electrons.
d. protons only.
e. neutrons only.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
14. Which element does not contain a neutron in its nucleus?
a. helium
b. carbon
c. oxygen
d. hydrogen
e. nitrogen
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
15. Transmutation of an element (the change of an element into a different element) occurs due to
a. exposure to strong sunlight.
b. exposure to certain chemicals.
c. natural aging of the element.
d. combining with another element.
e. radioactive decay.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
16
16.Examples of isotopes include:
a. oxygen 8 and oxygen 16.
b. carbon 12 and nitrogen 14.
c. hydrogen 1 and helium 1.
d. sodium 23 and potassium 23.
e. carbon 12 and carbon 14.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 2.1
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
17. All atoms of an element have the same number of
a. ions.
b. protons.
c. neutrons.
d. electrons.
e. protons and neutrons.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
18. A sugar or other molecule in which radioisotopes have been substituted for some atoms is a(n)
a. enzyme.
b. reactant.
c. tracer.
d. subatomic particle.
e. quark.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.2
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
19. Positron Emission Tomography utilizes ____ to yield results of a scan.
a. tracers
b. x-rays
c. neutrinos
d. photons
e. mesons
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.2
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
20. The time it takes for half of a quantity of a radioisotope to decay into a more stable isotope is
a. the same for all elements.
b. decay time.
c. half-life.
d. disintegration time.
e. dependent on temperature.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.1
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
17
21.A tracer is a substance with what attached to it?
a. water
b. carbon
c. a radioisotope
d. an ion
e. a positron
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.2
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
22. PET (positron-emission tomography) scans use radioisotopes attached to what substances to detect
abnormalities?
a. other radioisotopes
b. subatomic particles
c. carbon atoms
d. glucose or other biological molecules
e. plutonium
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 2.2
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
23. The time it takes for half of a quantity of a radioisotope to decay into a more stable isotope is
a. the same for all elements.
b. decay time.
c. half-life.
d. disintegration time.
e. dependent on temperature.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
24. The element in the body with the greatest number of atoms is
a. phosphorus.
b. oxygen.
c. hydrogen.
d. calcium.
e. carbon.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.1
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: HOW MUCH ARE YOU WORTH?
25. Which of the following is NOT a compound?
a. salt
b. sugar
c. carbon
d. oxygen gas
e. water
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
18
26.Electrons move around the atomic nucleus in
a. zigzag patterns.
b. straight paths.
c. shells.
d. two dimensions.
e. one dimension.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
27. Electrons inside a shell travel in
a. straight paths.
b. orbitals
c. zigzag patterns
d. two dimensions
e. one dimension
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
28. The maximum number of electrons in a shell is
a. two.
b. four.
c. six.
d. eight.
e. ten.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
29. A union between the electron structures of atoms is a(n)
a. chemical bond.
b. hydrogen bond.
c. isotopic bond.
d. physical bond.
e. atomic bond.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
30. When an atom’s outer shell is filled it is
a. unstable.
b. an ion.
c. most stable.
d. polarized.
e. negatively charged.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
19
31.Which of the following is not one of the four most abundant elements in the body?
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
e. calcium
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.1
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
32. The bonding of two or more atoms creates a(n)
a. ion.
b. molecule.
c. mixture.
d. suspension.
e. particle.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
33. Atoms without vacancies are considered to be
a. ions.
b. negatively charged.
c. positively charged.
d. inert.
e. highly active.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
34. Choose the correct formula for the reaction that takes place between hydrogen and oxygen to produce
water.
a. H2 + O2  H2O
b. H + O  H2O
c. 2H2 + O2  2H2O
d. 2H2O + O2  4H2O
e. 2H2 + 2O2  2H2O
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
35. A(n) ____ consists of two or more bonded elements in proportions that never vary.
a. ion
b. mixture
c. compound
d. network solid
e. satisfied orbital
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
20
36. When two or more molecules simply mingle, a(n) ____ is created.
a. compound
b. mixture
c. molecule
d. ionic compound
e. suspension
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
37. An atom that is considered inert is
a. oxygen.
b. hydrogen.
c. nitrogen.
d. carbon.
e. helium.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
38. Water is an example of a(n)
a. atom.
b. ion.
c. compound.
d. mixture.
e. element.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
39. Which of the following answers include all the others?
a. atoms
b. molecules
c. electrons
d. elements
e. protons
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
40. Which of the following is NOT an element?
a. water
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. chlorine
e. hydrogen
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
21
41.A molecule is
a. a combination of two or more atoms.
b. less stable than its constituent atoms separated.
c. electrically charged.
d. a carrier of one or more extra neutrons.
e. one atom.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CHEMICAL BONDS: HOW ATOMS INTERACT
42. A bond that joins atoms that have opposite charges is a(n)
a. covalent bond.
b. hydrogen bond.
c. ionic bond.
d. coordinate covalent bond.
e. polar covalent bond.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.4
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
43. What is formed when an atom loses or gains an electron?
a. a molecule
b. an ion
c. a compound
d. a mixture
e. a solvent
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.4
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
44. Generally, an atom carries no charge because it has as many electrons as
a. neutrons.
b. orbitals.
c. shells.
d. protons.
e. neutrinos.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.4
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
45. The bond in table salt (NaCl) is
a. polar.
b. ionic.
c. covalent.
d. double.
e. nonpolar.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
22
46. The bond formed when atoms share electrons is a(n) ____ bond.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. crystalline
e. network
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.4
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
47. A hydrogen bond is
a. a sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen and an oxygen nucleus.
b. a sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen nucleus and either an oxygen or a
nitrogen nucleus.
c. an attractive force that involves a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that
are either in two different molecules or within the same molecule.
d. found only in water molecules.
e. is the strongest form of chemical bond.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: 2.4
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
48. A water molecule is an example of which type of molecule?
a. polar covalent
b. nonpolar covalent
c. ionic
d. coordinate covalent
e. network
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.4
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
49. Molecular hydrogen is an example of which type of molecule?
a. polar covalent
b. nonpolar covalent
c. ionic
d. coordinate covalent
e. network
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.4
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
50. In a polar covalent bond, the atoms of the different elements do not share electrons equally because
a. one is a metal and one is a non-metal.
b. both are metals.
c. both are non-metals.
d. one element has more neutrons.
e. one element has more protons.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.4
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
23
51. Which type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
a. ionic
b. network
c. polar covalent
d. hydrogen
e. non-polar covalent
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.4
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: IMPORTANT BONDS IN BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
52. Which type of bond makes water liquid?
a. ionic
b. covalent
c. polar covalent
d. nonpolar covalent
e. hydrogen
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.5
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: WATER: INDISPENSABLE FOR LIFE
53. How do hydrophobic molecules interact with water?
a. attracted to
b. absorbed by
c. repelled by
d. mixed with
e. polarized bond
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.5
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: WATER: INDISPENSABLE FOR LIFE
54. Why does water have a high heat capacity?
a. because it has covalent bonds
b. because it has ionic bonds
c. because it has hydrogen bonds
d. because it has a high boiling point
e. because it has a low freezing point
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.5
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: WATER: INDISPENSABLE FOR LIFE
55. What makes water a solvent?
a. Fats dissolve in it.
b. Ions and polar molecules dissolve in it.
c. It mixes well with alcohol.
d. It evaporates easily.
e. It contains no minerals.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.5
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: WATER: INDISPENSABLE FOR LIFE
24
56.Water stabilizes body temperature and dissolves many substances because
a. it evaporates easily.
b. its molecules are covalent.
c. its molecules are ionic.
d. it contains hydrogen bonds.
e. it is free of minerals.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.5
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: WATER: INDISPENSABLE FOR LIFE
57. A salt will dissolve in water to form
a. acids.
b. gases.
c. ions.
d. bases.
e. polar solvents.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.5
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: WATER: INDISPENSABLE FOR LIFE
58. The process in which an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons to another atom or molecule is
called
a. reduction.
b. dehydration.
c. oxidation.
d. condensation.
e. hydrolysis.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.6
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: HOW ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT CELLS
59. The many oxidation reactions that take place in our bodies cause the formation of
a. free radicals.
b. antioxidants.
c. covalent molecules.
d. ionic molecules.
e. hydrogen bonds.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.6
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: HOW ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT CELLS
60. A free radical will “steal” what particle from a stable molecule?
a. a proton
b. a neutron
c. an atom
d. an electron
e. a positron
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.6
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: HOW ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT CELLS
25
61. Substances that give up an electron to a free radical are called
a. reducing agents.
b. oxidizing agents.
c. neutralizing agents.
d. antibiotics.
e. antioxidants.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.6
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: HOW ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT CELLS
62. Antioxidant-rich foods are typically
a. low in fat and high in fiber.
b. high in fat and low in fiber.
c. high in sugars and low in fat.
d. high in fiber and high in fat.
e. low in sugars and high in fiber.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.6
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: HOW ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT CELLS
63. Natural sources of antioxidants do not include
a. vitamin C.
b. vitamin E.
c. orange vegetables.
d. green leafy vegetables.
e. O2
–
.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.6
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: HOW ANTIOXIDANTS PROTECT CELLS
64. The pH scale measures the
a. hydroxide ion concentration.
b. concentration of a water-based solution.
c. hydrogen ion concentration.
d. number of water molecules in a solution.
e. concentration of dissolved solute.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.7
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
65. A reaction of a strong acid and a strong base will produce water and
a. a buffer.
b. a salt.
c. gas.
d. solid precipitate.
e. solute.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
26
66.Which of the following would NOT be used in connection with the word acid?
a. excess hydrogen ions
b. contents of the stomach
c. magnesium hydroxide
d. pH less than 7
e. HCl
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
67. Fluid inside most human cells is about
a. pH 7.
b. pH 9.
c. pH 4.
d. pH 11.
e. pH 2.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.7
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
68. Smoke from fossil fuels, motor vehicle exhaust, and nitrogen fertilizers can lead to
a. greater cloud formation.
b. acid rain.
c. basic rain.
d. rain with high mineral content.
e. salted rain.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.7
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
69. Cellular pH is kept near a value of 7 because of
a. salts.
b. buffers.
c. acids.
d. bases.
e. water.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
70. H2CO3 is
a. sulfuric acid.
b. carbonic acid.
c. carbolic acid.
d. hydrochloric acid.
e. nitric acid.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.7
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
27
71.HCl in the stomach acts to
a. neutralize buffers.
b. kill harmful bacteria.
c. switch off certain digestive enzymes.
d. produce trypsin.
e. prevent breakdown of protein.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
72. A buffer system
a. makes new hydrogen ions.
b. eliminates hydrogen ions already present.
c. binds carbon ions.
d. releases hydrogen ions.
e. produce excess acid.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
73. A pH of 10 is how many times as basic as a pH of 7?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 10
d. 100
e. 1000
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Application TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
74. A buildup of H2CO3 in the blood will lead to
a. alkalosis.
b. calcium buildup.
c. acidosis.
d. hydroxide ion increase.
e. HCO3

increase.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.7
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
75. What substances will release hydrogen ions when their concentration is low and accept them when
their concentration is high?
a. salts
b. acids
c. bases
d. buffers
e. alkalines
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.7
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: ACIDS, BASES, AND BUFFERS: BODY FLUIDS IN FLUX
28
29
76.If a molecule contains carbon and at least one atom of hydrogen, it is referred to as being
a. inorganic.
b. acidic.
c. basic.
d. organic.
e. crystalline.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
77. Each carbon atom can share pairs of electrons with as many as ____ other atoms.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
78. Atoms or clusters of atoms that are covalently bonded to carbon and influence the behavior of organic
compounds are known as
a. functional groups.
b. ions.
c. acids.
d. network solids.
e. anhydrides.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
79. Proteins that speed up reactions are known as
a. salts.
b. buffers.
c. monomers.
d. polymers.
e. enzymes.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.3
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
80. Which element makes up more than half of the human body?
a. calcium
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon
e. nitrogen
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
30
81. Condensation reactions are also referred to as
a. hydrolysis.
b. dehydration synthesis.
c. lytic reactions.
d. recombination.
e. transmutation.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
82. The three most common atoms in your body are
a. hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
b. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
c. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
d. nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen.
e. carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
83. A large molecule built of three to millions of subunits is a(n)
a. monomer.
b. ion.
c. polymer.
d. enzyme.
e. functional unit.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
84. The process by which two molecules covalently bond into a larger one is
a. condensation.
b. cleavage.
c. functional group transfer.
d. electron transfer.
e. rearrangement.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
85. The process by which a molecule splits into two smaller ones is
a. condensation.
b. cleavage.
c. functional group transfer.
d. electron transfer.
e. rearrangement.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
31
86. The process by which one or more electrons from one molecule are donated to another molecule is
a. condensation.
b. cleavage.
c. functional group transfer.
d. electron transfer.
e. rearrangement.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
87. The process by which a molecule gives up a functional group, and a different molecule immediately
accepts it, is
a. condensation.
b. cleavage.
c. functional group transfer.
d. electron transfer.
e. rearrangement.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
88. The process by which the movement of internal bonds converts one type of organic compound to
another is
a. condensation.
b. cleavage.
c. functional group transfer.
d. electron transfer.
e. rearrangement.
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.8
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
89. The insertion of water (H+
and OH
) into an enzymatically split molecule is
a. hydrolysis.
b. dehydration synthesis.
c. condensation.
d. cleavage.
e. polymerization.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.8
OBJ: Comprehension TOP: MOLECULES OF LIFE
90. Which of the following includes all of the others?
a. sucrose
b. glucose
c. cellulose
d. glycogen
e. carbohydrate
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.9
OBJ: Comprehension
TOP: CARBOHYDRATES: PLENTIFUL AND VARIED
32
91.Which of the following is a building block of carbohydrates?
a. glycerol
b. nucleotide
c. simple sugar
d. monosaccharide
e. glucose
ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.9
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CARBOHYDRATES: PLENTIFUL AND VARIED
92. Which of the following is composed of a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen?
a. carbohydrate
b. protein
c. lipid
d. nucleic acid
e. steroid
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.9
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CARBOHYDRATES: PLENTIFUL AND VARIED
93. Which vitamin is derived from sugar monomers?
a. vitamin D
b. vitamin E
c. vitamin C
d. vitamin A
e. vitamin B12
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.9
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CARBOHYDRATES: PLENTIFUL AND VARIED
94. Which simple sugar is the main energy source for body cells?
a. fructose
b. sucrose
c. lactose
d. glucose
e. galactose
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 2.9
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CARBOHYDRATES: PLENTIFUL AND VARIED
95. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
a. glucose
b. fructose
c. deoxyribose
d. starch
e. ribose
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: 2.9
OBJ: Knowledge TOP: CARBOHYDRATES: PLENTIFUL AND VARIED