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Multiple Choice
1. What is the meaning of the Dutch word landschap, from which “landscape” derives?
a. Flat
b. Land form
c. Farm
d. Geography
Answer: b page 704
2. Why was portraiture especially popular with the middle-class seventeenth-century Dutch?
a. Physical connection to their ancestors
b. Only art acceptable to Dutch Reformed Church
c. Affirmation of their financial well-being
d. Expression of their dislike for lavish Baroque art
Answer: c page 704
3. Which of the following is not a contradiction of seventeenth-century Amsterdam residents?
a. Advocated harmony among others, viciously warred with the Spanish
b. Avidly collected art for homes, banned art in churches
c. Intolerant of religious heresy among Protestants, tolerant of Catholics and Jews
d. Obsessed with acquisition of material goods, rigidly austere in religious life
Answer: a page 705
4. Why did the Dutch rebel against the Spanish in 1567?
a. The Spanish armada blockaded Amsterdam’s port
b. Philip II transferred the Spanish banking from Amsterdam to Madrid
c. The Spanish opened the dikes, flooding the Dutch farmland
d. Philip II reorganized their churches under Catholic hierarchy
Answer: d page 705
5. From where did Europe receive the first load of tulip bulbs?
a. China
b. India
c. Turkey
d. The Congo
Answer: c page 706
6. What creates the “broken” tulip, so highly valued by the seventeenth-century Dutch?
a. A virus
b. Cross-breeding
c. A mutation
d. A fungus
Answer: a page 706
7. Why in 1637 did the Dutch economy come close to collapse?
a. Widespread flooding of tulip fields
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b. Frenzied speculation in tulip futures
c. Rampant virus in tulip crop
d. inflation caused by tulip craze
Answer: b page 706
8. What requirement did the Dutch state place on people in public service?
a. Be a graduate of a Dutch university
b. Not be involved in tulip investing
c. Not be of Spanish descent
d. Be a member of the Dutch Reformed Church
Answer: d page 707
9. Why in 1618 were some members expelled from the Dutch Reformed Church and even
imprisoned?
a. Belief that good deeds could overcome predestination
b. Refusal to convert from Calvinism to Dutch Reformed
c. Belief that predestination was independent of faith
d. Refusal to remove religious art from their churches
Answer: a page 707
10. What manner of inquiry did Francis Bacon advocate?
a. Dialectic method
b. Deductive reasoning
c. Cartesian method
d. Empirical method
Answer: d page 708
11. According to Francis Bacon, what were the greatest obstacles to human understanding?
a. Lack of education and superstition
b. Superstition and religion
c. Religion and prejudice
d. Prejudice and superstition
Answer: b page 708
12. Which of the following is not one of Bacon’s four major categories of false notion?
a. Idols of the Market Place
b. Idols of the Theater
c. Idols of the Tribe
d. Idols of the King
Answer: d page 708
13. What manner of inquiry did René Descartes advocate?
a. Dialectic method
b. Deductive reasoning
c. Inductive reasoning
d. Empirical method
Answer: b page 709
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14. According to Descartes, what was God?
a. Pure love and total acceptance
b. The mover of the universe
c. The mathematical order of nature
d. The determiner of a person’s destiny
Answer: c page 709
15. What branch of mathematics did Descartes found?
a. Homological algebra
b. Finite mathematics
c. Calculus
d. Analytic geometry
Answer: d page 709
16. Why were the Catholic and the Protestant Churches opposed to Kepler’s and Galileo’s
heliocentric theory?
a. For contradicting certain biblical passages
b. For resembling the pagan myths about Apollo
c. For challenging belief in God as creator
d. For implying the existence of other solar systems
Answer: a page 711
17. Of what does a vanitas painting remind the viewer?
a. To avoid the pleasures of everyday life
b. To appreciate the beauty in nature
c. To focus on the spiritual, not the material
d. To enjoy the pleasures of everyday life
Answer: c page 712
18. Why did Johannes Goedaert paint a broken and empty nautilus shell beside the vase in his
Flowers in a Wan-li Vase with Blue-Tit?
a. To emphasize the exotic origin of the Ming vase
b. To symbolize worldly wealth, vanity, and mortality
c. To balance the bird on the canvas’s other side
d. To parallel the shape of the tulips’ open blooms
Answer: b page 712
19. What do most of Jan Vermeer’s 34 painting depict?
a. The symmetry of Dutch domestic architecture
b. A moment in the domestic world of women
c. National pride in Dutch land reclamation
d. A civic institution’s membership at a particular time
Answer: b page 715
20. What might the pearls In Vermeer’s Woman with a Pearl Necklace represent?
a. Wealth
b. Foreign trade
c. Purity
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d. Greed
Answer: c page 715
21. In The Little Street why does Vermeer include a half-whitewashed wall and a mortar-filled
cracked façade?
a. To show the tensions of domestic life
b. To symbolize Protestants and Catholic division
c. To emphasize the differences between two houses
d. To acknowledge the disparity between classes
Answer: a page 716
22. Why was Rembrandt’s Captain Frans Banning Cocq Mustering His Company once mistitled The
Night Watch?
a. It was covered with grime
b. Captain Cocq was a Spanish spy
c. Rembrandt never titled it
d. The subject’s name was unknown
Answer: a page 718
23. Why was Rembrandt so interested in self-portraiture?
a. He wished to emulate Albrecht Dürer’s self-portrait
b. He suffered from an excess of vanity
c. He aimed to document the changes age brought
d. His own face provided the ideal practice subject
Answer: d page 719
24. Why in 1656 was Rembrandt forced to declare bankruptcy?
a. His wife’s poor health created massive debt
b. He had a gambling problem
c. His paintings proved unpopular and did not sell
d. He was notorious for living beyond his means
Answer: d page 719
25. In The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, why does Rembrandt illuminate the cadaver?
a. To evoke the executed man’s similarity to Christ
b. To enable the viewer to see the anatomical detail
c. To highlight the impossibility of resurrection
d. To draw the viewer’s eye to the painting’s center
Answer: c page 720
26. Why can Rembrandt’s late work Slaughtered Ox be viewed as optimistic?
a. Soft light falls on the animal’s carcass
b. The carcass suggests a feast to come
c. The crucifixion pose implies redemption
d. The maid in the doorway represents the Virgin
Answer: b page 722
27. What provided one of the main forms of entertainment at Dutch family gatherings?
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a. The performance of keyboard music
b. Fantasias played on an organ
c. Virtuoso performances on the violin
d. The singing of secular madrigals
Answer: a page 724
28. What distinguished Bach’s cantatas from the simple melodies of the Lutheran chorales on which
they were based?
a. Lush string accompaniments
b. A double chorus
c. Addition of counterpoint
d. Narration by a tenor evangelist
Answer: c page 725
29. Why can Bach’s fugues be viewed as sublime examples of Cartesian rationalism?
a. Their multiple instruments
b. Their blending of words and strings
c. Their single thematic idea
d. Their mathematical clarity
Answer: d page 726
30. In Descent from the Cross, discussed in the chapter’s “Continuity and Change” section, why does
Rembrandt push his scene deeper into the canvas than does Rubens in his earlier painting of the
same title?
a. To make his small painting more intimate
b. To remove the viewers from the action
c. To make the subjects look more helpless
d. To accommodate more subjects around the cross
Answer: b page 727
Matching
31. Francis Bacon a. Well-Tempered Clavier
32. Johann Sebastian Bach b. The Geographer
33. Jacob Cats c. Novian Organum Scientiarum (The New Method of Science)
34. René Descartes d. The Dancing Couple
35. Judith Leyster e. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp
36. Rembrandt van Rijn f. The Proposition
37. Jan Steen g. Houwelick (Marriage)
38. Jan Vermeer h. Discourse on Method
Answers: 31-c, 32-a, 33-g, 34-h, 35-f, 36-e, 37-d, 38-b
Essay
39. List and define three ways in which seventeenth-century Amsterdam can be considered a city of
contradictions.
40. Summarize the frenzied speculation in tulip bulbs known as “Tulipomania,” including its effects
on the Dutch economy and the people.
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41. Describe the development, beliefs, and appearance of the Dutch Reformed Church.
42. List and briefly explain Francis Bacon’s four major categories of false notion.
43. Explain the meaning and significance of René Descartes’ famous expression, “Cogito, ergo sum “
(“I think, therefore I am”).
44. Summarize Descartes’ use of deductive reasoning to prove to his satisfaction the existence of
God.
