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1. The process whereby an individual learns his culture from infancy, through experience,
observation, and instruction is called
A. education.
B. ideal culture.
C. innovation.
D. enculturation.
2. The process of learning one’s culture while growing up in that culture is called
A. acculturation.
B. the culture concept.
C. enculturation.
D. a cognitive process.
3. Definitions of culture that appeared in the 1970s began to include
A. ideas, knowledge, and symbols.
B. a focus on how culture supplies a blueprint for behavior.
C. the idea that culture is transmitted by symbols.
D. how culture is acquired, shared, and transmitted.
4. Ideal culture can be defined as what
A. people do.
B. people actually plan.
C. people want to plan and do.
D. people believe they should do.
5. Ideal and real cultural patterns are
A. sometimes quite different.
B. generally the same.
C. never the same.
D. always the same.
6. The presence of Coca-Cola drinks in restaurants world wide is an example of
A. innovation.
B. invention.
C. diffusion.
D. none of the above
7. A North American belongs to a conservation organization and votes for political candidates that
supports environmental causes, yet drives an SUV. This example can be used to illustrate
A. ideal versus real aspects of culture.
B. the dynamic aspects of culture.
C. the adaptive aspects of culture.
D. the cumulative aspects of culture.
8. Every aspect of culture influences every other aspect of that culture. Thus culture is
A. functionally integrated.
B. dynamic and flexible.
C. adaptive and diverse.
D. learned and shared.
9. To be considered part of a culture, a behavior or custom must be
A. genetically inherited.
B. acquired by trial and error.
C. invented within the group.
D. shared by the group.
10. The ways that humans learn which foods are appropriate foods to eat include
A. observation and language.
B. trial and error and language.
C. imitation and language.
D. all of the above
11. The three major components of culture are
A. material objects, cognitive processes, and behaviors.
B. technology, learned behavior, and innovation.
C. symbols, learned behavior, and diffusion.
D. inventive processes, learned behavior, and diffusion.
12. The earliest definitions of culture did NOT include that culture
A. provides a behavioral blueprint.
B. includes artifacts.
C. that it is held by a social group.
D. includes customs.
13. The cognitive processes that are part of culture include all of the following EXCEPT
A. ideas.
B. symbols.
C. values.
D. gestures.
14. What people “think” is an example of the following aspect of human culture:
A. behavior.
B. cognitive process
C. material artifacts.
D. customs.
15. Behavioral aspects of culture include all of the following EXCEPT
A. thinking about a solution to a math problem.
B. playing a musical instrument.
C. playing soccer.
D. interacting with friends.
16. Leslie White emphasized what aspect of culture?
A. The mental and physical reactions and activities of people.
B. Patterns of habitual behavior.
C. The process of the transmission of culture using symbolic systems.
D. Historically created designs for living.
17. The extrasomatic aspect of culture means that culture is
A. inherited, not learned.
B. learned, not genetic
C. beyond learning or inheritance.
D. coded in a person’s DNA.
18. What is meant by the phrase “extrasomatic context”?
A. Culture is not inherited genetically.
B. Culture is inherited genetically.
C. Culture is the result of a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors.
D. None of the above.
19. Humans are not born with the ability to speak a specific language. Thus we would say that
language as a part of culture is
A. shared.
B. adaptive.
C. inherited.
D. learned.
20. Clifford Geertz’s focus in defining culture centers on how culture
A. provides a blueprint for behavior.
B. consists of standards.
C. is transmitted from one generation to the next.
D. develops through diffusion.
21. Most aspects of contemporary cultures have come from
A. internal innovations.
B. internal inventions.
C. diffusion.
D. adaptations.
22. More recent definitions of culture, such as that proposed by Clifford Geertz, focuses on how
A. culture is acquired in an extrasomatic context.
B. culture supplied a blue print for behavior.
C. knowledge is transmitted between homogeneous cultures.
D. knowledge is transmitted between heterogeneous cultures.
23. The contemporary toilet is an example of material culture that North American societies acquired
by
A. innovation.
B. imitation.
C. diffusion.
D. none of the above
24. Which of the following is a subculture within the United States?
A. Cuban Americans
B. Spaniards
C. Ethiopians
D. Yanomamo
25. Members of the glee club on a college campus would constitute a
A. culture.
B. subculture.
C. micro-culture.
D. mini-culture.
26. Heterogeneous cultures are those that exhibit
A. deviant individuals.
B. many shared features.
C. few shared features.
D. a lack of subcultures.
27. Homogeneous cultures are those that exhibit
A. deviant individuals.
B. many shared features.
C. few shared features.
D. a lack of shared features.
28. Homogeneous cultures are characterized as small groups that share the same
A. ideas, beliefs, values, knowledge, and behaviors.
B. ethnicity, but do not share the same values.
C. material culture and knowledge but not location.
D. ethnicity and religion but not behavior.
29. The adoption of automobile throughout the world illustrates that culture is
A. diverse.
B. cumulative.
C. learned.
D. dynamic.
30. Cellular phone technology could be used to illustrate that culture is
A. cumulative.
B. learned.
C. shared.
D. patterned.
31. From the perspective of anthropology, the idea of separate human races is
A. valid at the subspecies level.
B. valid geographically and evolutionarily.
C. invalid because no clusters of separate genetic traits exist.
D. invalid because ABO blood group distribution is inaccurate.
32. Anthropologists prefer that the term race be replaced with the following term:
A. subspecies.
B. folk population.
C. ethnic group.
D. nation.
33. Which of the following types of data would support the existence of human races?
A. Genetic clusters of traits.
B. Clinal variations in traits.
C. Diffusion of traits.
D. Plasticity of traits.
34. Ethnic groups are groups of people with the same geographical point of origin and consist of
A. cultural groups.
B. racial groups.
C. subcultures and races.
D. races and microcultures.
35. When anthropologists say that human traits demonstrate plasticity, they mean that traits are
A. modified by genetic errors.
B. influenced by the way they develop during the growth process.
C. determined by DNA variations and RNA transfer.
D. determined by maternal nutrition.
36. It has been demonstrated that environmental UVA and UVB levels have resulted in this feature in
Homo sapiens:
A. blond hair and red hair.
B. variations in skin color.
C. variations in blood types.
D. our lack of ability to synthesize vitamin D.
37. Archaeological goals focus on culture in all of the following EXCEPT
A. establishing time sequences of past cultures.
B. appreciating the arts of living cultures.
C. understanding the processes of culture change through time.
D. reconstructing past lifeways.
38. Marvin Harris argues that Americans avoid eating dogs because they are
A. too cute.
B. carry diseases.
C. too costly as a protein source.
D. less efficient sources of protein.
39. List the three major components of culture and cite an example of one component.
40. Explain the symbolic aspect of human culture.
41. Describe the attributes of a cell phone.
42. Explain what is meant by the statement “An artifact is a fossilized idea.”
43. Contrast the features of a homogeneous culture and a heterogeneous culture.
44. Discuss two reasons why material creations are a part of culture.
45. Explain what is meant by a subculture.
46. How is race a cultural construct?
47. Explain the cognitive processes component of culture.
48. Define and explain the concept of culture.
49. Explain the following components of culture: cognitive processes, behaviors, and material
creations.
50. How does culture facilitate the adaptation of human populations to their environments?
51. Discuss, with reference to specific examples, how an understanding of the concept of culture can
be useful when one is engaged in international business or travel.
