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Chapter 2 Basics of Human Osteology and Odontology
TRUE/FALSE. Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if it is false
1. Human osteology is the study of the human skeleton, while odontology is the study of the dentition.
Answer: True p. 27
2. In a standing human, the head is inferior to the shoulders.
Answer: False p. 28
3. The frontal bone is the only bone in the human skull that is not paired (i.e., has a left and
right).
Answer: False p. 29 – 32
4. The supraorbital tori are located on the frontal bone over the eye orbits.
Answer: True p. 29 – 30
5. The temporal bone is articulated to the frontal bone.
Answer: False p. 30
6. The foramen magnum is located on the parietal.
Answer: False p. 31
7. The coronal suture separates the parietal bones.
Answer: False p. 32
8. The skull landmark that occurs where the nasal bones meet the frontal is called bregma.
Answer: False p. 34
9. The squamosal suture separates the right and left parietal bones.
Answer: False p. 33
10. Nasion is the landmark at the proximal end of the nasal bones.
Answer: True p. 33 – 34
11. There are sinuses in the occipital bone.
Answer: False p. 35
12. Most vertebrae are composed of a body and neural arches with spinous processes.
Answer: True p. 36
13. The cervical vertebrae compose the bones of the neck while the thoracic and lumbar
vertebrae are the bones of the back.
Answer: True p. 36 – 37
14. The last two ribs have the same squared-off ends as the other ribs.
Answer: False p. 38
15. The number of ribs in males and females are the same.
Answer: True p. 39
16. The main bones of the upper limbs are the femur, tibia, and fibula.
Answer: False p. 40
17. The humerus has a greater and lesser tuberosity.
Answer: True p. 40 – 41
18. The pelvis is composed of the left and right os coxae, sacrum, and coccyx.
Answer: True p. 42
19. The acetabulm is the socket for the head of the humerus.
Answer: False p. 42 – 43
20. The femur has a greater and lesser tuberosity.
Answer: False p. 43 – 44
21. The patella is the bone of the knee cap.
Answer: True p. 44 – 45
22. The knee is partially composed of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia.
Answer: True p. 43 – 44
23. Histology is the study of the microstructure of biological tissue, including bone.
Answer: True p. 47
24. The number of Haversian systems decrease with age.
Answer: False p. 48
25. The permanent dentition of humans consists of 8 incisors, 4 canines, 4 premolars and 8
molars.
Answer: False p. 50
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
26. Which of the following is not a cardinal direction used in describing osteological structures?
A Frankfort
B Inferior
C Medial
D Proximal
Answer: A p. 28
27. The study of the human skull involves learning:
A Bones
B Sutures
C Landmarks
D All of the above
Answer: D p. 29 – 35
28. Which of the following is not a bone of the braincase?
A Frontal
B Maxilla
C Parietals
D Occipital
Answer: B p. 29 – 32
29. Which of the following sutures separates the occipital from the parietals?
A Internasal
B Squamosal
C Lambdoid
D Sagittal
Answer: C p. 32 – 33
30. The skull landmark that occurs at the intermaxillary suture above the two central incisors is
called:
A Prosthion
B Bregma
C Nasion
D Lambda
Answer: A p. 34 – 35
31. Which of the following is not a landmark on the base of the skull?
A Nasion
B Basion
C Orale
D Opisthion
Answer: A p. 34
32. Which of the following sinuses is especially useful in positively identify a person?
A Frontal
B Maxillary
C Ethmoid
D All of the above
Answer: A p. 35
33. On which of the following planes does the sternum lie?
A Frankfort
B Sagittal
C Coronal
D Transverse
Answer: B p. 28 & 35
34. The axial skeleton and thorax are composed of which of the following bones?
A Sternum
B Vertebrae
C Ribs
D All of the above
Answer: D p. 35
35. The atlas (first vertebra) does not have which of the following components common to other
vertebrae?
A Body
B Neural arch
C Transverse process
D All of the above
Answer: A p. 36
36. When a person suffers from lower back pain, which vertebrae are most likely involved?
A Cervical
B Thoracic
C Lumbar
D All of the above
Answer: C p. 36 – 38
37. Since tuberculosis often starts in the lungs where it can spread to other tissues including
bone, which of the vertebrae are the most likely site of infection?
A Cervical
B Thoracic
C Lumbar
D None of the above
Answer: B p. 36 – 38
38. Which of the following bones of the upper limbs is most likely to be involved when a person
breaks their collar bone?
A Clavicle
B Scapula
C Humerus
D None of the above
Answer: A p. 40
39. Which of the following areas are involved in the articulation of the humerus to other boney
elements?
A Glenoid cavity
B Olecranon process
C Trochlea
D All of the above
Answer: D p. 40 – 42
40. Over which bone of the lower arm is the sensitive area that causes tingling when struck?
A Ulna
B Humerus
C Carpals
D Metacarpals
Answer: B p. 42
41. Which of the following bones of the pelvis can be palpated (felt) on the side at the level of
the waist?
A Ilium
B Ischium
C Pubis
D Sacrum
Answer: A p. 42 – 43
42. Which of the following bones of the lower limbs compose the shin?
A Femur
B Tibia
C Fibula
D None of the above
Answer: B p. 42 – 44
43. The distal ends of the tibia and fibula articulate with the:
A Tarsals
B Metatarsals
C Phalanges
D None of the above
Answer: A p. 44 – 46
44. The shin is what part of the tibia?
A Epiphysis
B Metaphysis
C Diaphysis
D None of the above
Answer: C p. 43 – 44 & 46
45. The proximal epiphysis of the radius is the:
A Head
B Radial tuberosity
C Styloid process
D Ulnar notch
Answer: A p. 42 & 46
46. The proximal epiphysis of the ulna is the:
A Olecranon process
B Head
C Styloid process
D None of the above
Answer: A p. 42 & 46
47. Which of the following is not a histological structure of bone?
A Primary vascular canal
B Osteon
C Periosteum
D Haversian system
Answer: C p. 47 – 48
48. The part of the tooth that we can see in our mouths is:
A Crown
B Neck
C Root
D All of the above
Answer: A p. 48
49. The occlusal surface of teeth is covered by:
A Dentin
B Enamel
C Pulp
D All of the above
Answer: B p. 48
50. Which of the following directions is of little value when discussing molars?
A Labial
B Lingual
C Buccal
D Occlusal
Answer: A p. 49 – 50
