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Sample Chapters
Chapter 1
- Which of the following enzymes will untangle DNA?
- A) Polymerase
- B) Helicase
- C) Kinase
- D) Phosphatase
- Which DNA sequence is homologous to 5¢GATTCTCAAAGGACT3¢?
- A) 5¢GATTCTCAAAGGACT3¢
- B) 3¢GATTCTCAAAGGACT5¢
- C) 3¢CTAAGAGTTTCCTGA5¢
- D) 5¢CTAAGAGTTTCCTGA3¢
- Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that are produced by bacteria and __________
- A) degrade viral proteins
- B) degrade DNA
- C) have no laboratory applications
- D) degrade lipids
- In a DNA molecule, the 5¢ end contains a free ___________
- A) phosphate group
- B) hydroxyl group
- C) amino group
- D) carboxyl group
- The term used to describe the arrangement of the individual strands in the double-stranded DNA molecule is:
- A) parallel
- B) antiparallel
- C) tangential
- D) none of the above
- One DNA strand binds to the other strand through:
- A) peptide bonds
- B) disulfide bonds
- C) hydrogen bonds
- D) phosphodiester bonds
- DNA replication is:
- A) conservative
- B) semiconservative
- C) nonconservative
- D) dispersive
- In a double-stranded DNA molecule, base-pairing between strands occurs between:
- A) a purine and a purine
- B) a pyrimidine and a pyrimidine
- C) a purine and a pyrimidine
- D) any type of nucleotide base
- DNA replication requires the presence of:
- A) DNA template
- B) RNA polymerase
- C) amino acids
- D) messenger RNA
- The process of separating the two DNA strands into two single strands is called:
- A) denaturation
- B) bidirectional
- C) depolymerization
- D) synthesis
- DNA replication proceeds with the new daughter strand synthesized in the following orientation:
- A) 5¢ to 3¢
- B) 3¢ to 5¢
- C) The daughter strand is not synthesized in any order
- D) Either 5¢ to 3¢ or 3¢ to 5¢
- The lagging DNA strand is synthesized discontinuously producing:
- A) Kornberg fragments
- B) Southern fragments
- C) Okasaki fragments
- D) Klenow fragments
- In DNA replication, where does replication begin and end?
- A) Origin of replication; end of the molecule
- B) Promoter; termination site
- C) Start codon; stop codon
- D) None of the above
- An exon is:
- A) spliced out
- B) an open reading frame (ORF)
- C) a DNA-binding protein
- D) within 100 bp of ORFs
- The nucleotides in a single strand of DNA are held together by which of the following bonds?
- A) Disulfide
- B) Phosphodiester
- C) Hydrogen
- D) Peptide
- In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that has which conformation?
- A) 5¢ to 3¢
- B) 3¢ to 5¢
- C) Both strands are leading
- Which of the following is a purine?
- A) Thymine
- B) Cytosine
- C) Adenine
- D) Alanine
- Which of the following does not play a role in DNA replication?
- A) RNA primer
- B) Deoxynucleotide
- C) Stop codon
- D) DNA polymerase
- The purpose of endonucleases is to:
- A) synthesize DNA
- B) cut DNA within the double helix
- C) chew DNA from the ends
- D) paste two ends of DNA together
- Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?
- A) Nitrogen base, deoxyribose, and phosphate
- B) Nitrogen base, ribose, and sulfur
- C) Carbon base, ribose, and phosphate
- D) Carbon base, glucose, and carboxyl
- Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are what components of DNA?
- A) Hydrogen bonds
- B) Sugar moieties
- C) Phosphodiester groups
- D) Nitrogen bases
- The movement of DNA from one bacterium to another through the activity of bacteriophages is called:
- A) conjugation
- B) transformation
- C) transduction
- D) crossing over
- In sexual recombination, new combinations of genes are created by which of the following processes?
- A) Transduction
- B) Crossing over
- C) Conjugation
- D) Transformation
- Enzymes that recognize palindromic sequences of DNA, that are cut within the recognition sequence, that do not have methylating activity, and that are used frequently in the laboratory are which type of restriction enzymes?
- A) Type I
- B) Type II
- C) Type III
- D) Type IV
Answer Key
- B
- C
- B
- A
- B
- C
- B
- C
- A
- A
- A
- C
- A
- B
- B
- B
- C
- C
- B
- A
- D
- C
- B
- B
Chapter 5
- Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a support medium through which nucleic acids move?
- A) Ethidium bromide
- B) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- C) Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- D) Polyacrylamide
- Nucleic acids migrate toward which pole in electrophoresis?
- A) Cathode
- B) Anode
- A molecular technologist needs to separate oligonucleotides that are 65, 100, 250, and 350 bp in length. What concentration of acrylamide should be used for optimal separation of these fragments?
- A) 5%
- B) 0%
- C) 0%
- D) 0%
- A very limited amount of nucleic acid, 500-1500 bp in size, needs to be analyzed in a short time (same day) with the results available immediately. Which of the following electrophoresis procedures will satisfy those conditions?
- A) Capillary electrophoresis
- B) Pulse–field gel electrophoresis
- C) Field inversion gel electrophoresis
- D) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
- Which of the following is not an example of pulse–field gel electrophoresis?
- A) Field inversion gel electrophoresis
- B) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
- C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- D) Transverse alternating field electrophoresis
- A molecular biologist needs to separate and analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the following methods will yield the best results?
- A) Capillary electrophoresis
- B) Rotating gel electrophoresis
- C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- D) Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis
- A molecular biologist needs to separate a mixture of oligonucleotides with a resolution between bands of 1 bp. Which of the following methods should be used?
- A) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
- B) Rotating gel electrophoresis
- C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- D) Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis
- The matrix in capillary electrophoresis through which nucleic acids pass is:
- A) silica
- B) agarose
- C) agarobiose
- D) polyacrylamide
- As compared with traditional slab gel electrophoresis, which of the following is not an advantage of capillary electrophoresis?
- A) Analyzes smaller amounts of samples
- B) Ability to run more than one sample together
- C) Cost of instrumentation and labels
- D) Real-time sample detection and analysis
- Nucleic acids are injected into the capillary in capillary electrophoresis by which of the following methods?
- A) Hydrostatic
- B) Electrokinetic
- C) Pneumatic
- D) Vacuum
- Which of the following molecules will migrate the fastest in capillary electrophoresis?
- A) Large and positively charged
- B) Small and positively charged
- C) Large and negatively charged
- D) Small and negatively charged
- Which of the following molecules is added to an electrophoresis buffer for the purpose of denaturing DNA?
- A) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- B) Polyacrylamide
- C) Formamide
- D) Tris borate
- In order to increase the density of a sample relative to the density of the buffer prior to loading the sample into a gel, which of the following is added to the sample?
- A) Glycerol
- B) Ethidium bromide
- C) Formaldehyde
- D) Tris acetate EDTA
- A molecular technologist has run a vertical gel. While analyzing the gel, the technologist notices that the bands in the outer lanes did not run as far as similar-sized bands in the inner lanes so that the bands look like a smile on the gel. What is the explanation for this situation?
- A) Samples were loaded into the inner wells first and got a head start moving down the gel.
- B) A larger volume of sample was loaded into the outer wells so that it ran slower.
- C) The electrodes in the middle of the gel were working better than at the edges of the gel.
- D) The temperature across the gel was not constant so the inner wells were warmer.
- Which of the following are used to make wells in a solidifying gel into which samples are loaded?
- A) Brushes
- B) Combs
- C) Picks
- D) Shovels
- In order to monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?
- A) Ethidium bromide
- B) Acrylamide
- C) Bromophenol blue
- D) SyBr green
- Which of the following can be used to detect the location of DNA bands in a gel after electrophoresis?
- A) SyBr green
- B) Xylene cyanol green
- C) Bromophenol blue
- D) Acridine orange
- Which of the following properties is true for ethidium bromide?
- A) Emits green light when excited at 300 nm
- B) Level of detection is 60 pg of DNA
- C) Intercalates between nitrogen bases
- D) Has a very low background fluorescence in agarose
- The functions of which of the following include carrying the current and protecting the sample nucleic acids during electrophoresis?
- A) Polyacrylamide
- B) Formaldehyde
- C) Ammonium persulfate
- D) Tris acetate EDTA
Answer Key
- D
- B
- C
- A
- C
- B
- C
- A
- C
- B
- D
- C
- A
- D
- B
- C
- A
- C
- D