Test Bank For Molecular Diagnostics Fundamentals Methods And Clinical Applications 1st Edition by Lela Buckingham

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Sample Chapters

 

Chapter 1

1. Which of the following enzymes will untangle DNA?
2. A) Polymerase
3. B) Helicase
4. C) Kinase
5. D) Phosphatase

 

2. Which DNA sequence is homologous to 5¢GATTCTCAAAGGACT3¢?
3. A) 5¢GATTCTCAAAGGACT3¢
4. B) 3¢GATTCTCAAAGGACT5¢
5. C) 3¢CTAAGAGTTTCCTGA5¢
6. D) 5¢CTAAGAGTTTCCTGA3¢

 

3. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that are produced by bacteria and __________
4. A) degrade viral proteins
5. B) degrade DNA
6. C) have no laboratory applications
7. D) degrade lipids

 

4. In a DNA molecule, the 5¢ end contains a free ___________
5. A) phosphate group
6. B) hydroxyl group
7. C) amino group
8. D) carboxyl group

 

5. The term used to describe the arrangement of the individual strands in the double-stranded DNA molecule is:
6. A) parallel
7. B) antiparallel
8. C) tangential
9. D) none of the above

 

6. One DNA strand binds to the other strand through:
7. A) peptide bonds
8. B) disulfide bonds
9. C) hydrogen bonds
10. D) phosphodiester bonds

 

7. DNA replication is:
8. A) conservative
9. B) semiconservative
10. C) nonconservative
11. D) dispersive

 

8. In a double-stranded DNA molecule, base-pairing between strands occurs between:
9. A) a purine and a purine
10. B) a pyrimidine and a pyrimidine
11. C) a purine and a pyrimidine
12. D) any type of nucleotide base

 

9. DNA replication requires the presence of:
10. A) DNA template
11. B) RNA polymerase
12. C) amino acids
13. D) messenger RNA

 

10. The process of separating the two DNA strands into two single strands is called:
11. A) denaturation
12. B) bidirectional
13. C) depolymerization
14. D) synthesis

 

11. DNA replication proceeds with the new daughter strand synthesized in the following orientation:
12. A) 5¢ to 3¢
13. B) 3¢ to 5¢
14. C) The daughter strand is not synthesized in any order
15. D) Either 5¢ to 3¢ or 3¢ to 5¢

 

12. The lagging DNA strand is synthesized discontinuously producing:
13. A) Kornberg fragments
14. B) Southern fragments
15. C) Okasaki fragments
16. D) Klenow fragments

 

13. In DNA replication, where does replication begin and end?
14. A) Origin of replication; end of the molecule
15. B) Promoter; termination site
16. C) Start codon; stop codon
17. D) None of the above

 

14. An exon is:
15. A) spliced out
16. B) an open reading frame (ORF)
17. C) a DNA-binding protein
18. D) within 100 bp of ORFs

 

15. The nucleotides in a single strand of DNA are held together by which of the following bonds?
16. A) Disulfide
17. B) Phosphodiester
18. C) Hydrogen
19. D) Peptide

 

16. In DNA replication, the leading strand is the strand that has which conformation?
17. A) 5¢ to 3¢
18. B) 3¢ to 5¢
19. C) Both strands are leading

 

17. Which of the following is a purine?
18. A) Thymine
19. B) Cytosine
20. C) Adenine
21. D) Alanine

 

18. Which of the following does not play a role in DNA replication?
19. A) RNA primer
20. B) Deoxynucleotide
21. C) Stop codon
22. D) DNA polymerase

 

19. The purpose of endonucleases is to:
20. A) synthesize DNA
21. B) cut DNA within the double helix
22. C) chew DNA from the ends
23. D) paste two ends of DNA together

 

20. Nucleotides in DNA consist of which of the following?
21. A) Nitrogen base, deoxyribose, and phosphate
22. B) Nitrogen base, ribose, and sulfur
23. C) Carbon base, ribose, and phosphate
24. D) Carbon base, glucose, and carboxyl

 

21. Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are what components of DNA?
22. A) Hydrogen bonds
23. B) Sugar moieties
24. C) Phosphodiester groups
25. D) Nitrogen bases

 

22. The movement of DNA from one bacterium to another through the activity of bacteriophages is called:
23. A) conjugation
24. B) transformation
25. C) transduction
26. D) crossing over

 

23. In sexual recombination, new combinations of genes are created by which of the following processes?
24. A) Transduction
25. B) Crossing over
26. C) Conjugation
27. D) Transformation

 

24. Enzymes that recognize palindromic sequences of DNA, that are cut within the recognition sequence, that do not have methylating activity, and that are used frequently in the laboratory are which type of restriction enzymes?
25. A) Type I
26. B) Type II
27. C) Type III
28. D) Type IV

 

 

Answer Key

 

1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. C
9. A
10. A
11. A
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. D
22. C
23. B
24. B

 

 

Chapter 5

 

1. Which of the following molecules polymerize to form a support medium through which nucleic acids move?
2. A) Ethidium bromide
3. B) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
4. C) Sodium dodecyl sulfate
5. D) Polyacrylamide

 

2. Nucleic acids migrate toward which pole in electrophoresis?
3. A) Cathode
4. B) Anode

 

3. A molecular technologist needs to separate oligonucleotides that are 65, 100, 250, and 350 bp in length. What concentration of acrylamide should be used for optimal separation of these fragments?
4. A) 5%
5. B) 0%
6. C) 0%
7. D) 0%

 

4. A very limited amount of nucleic acid, 500-1500 bp in size, needs to be analyzed in a short time (same day) with the results available immediately. Which of the following electrophoresis procedures will satisfy those conditions?
5. A) Capillary electrophoresis
6. B) Pulse–field gel electrophoresis
7. C) Field inversion gel electrophoresis
8. D) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field

 

5. Which of the following is not an example of pulse–field gel electrophoresis?
6. A) Field inversion gel electrophoresis
7. B) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
8. C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
9. D) Transverse alternating field electrophoresis

 

6. A molecular biologist needs to separate and analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the following methods will yield the best results?
7. A) Capillary electrophoresis
8. B) Rotating gel electrophoresis
9. C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
10. D) Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis

 

7. A molecular biologist needs to separate a mixture of oligonucleotides with a resolution between bands of 1 bp. Which of the following methods should be used?
8. A) Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
9. B) Rotating gel electrophoresis
10. C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
11. D) Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis

 

8. The matrix in capillary electrophoresis through which nucleic acids pass is:
9. A) silica
10. B) agarose
11. C) agarobiose
12. D) polyacrylamide

 

9. As compared with traditional slab gel electrophoresis, which of the following is not an advantage of capillary electrophoresis?
10. A) Analyzes smaller amounts of samples
11. B) Ability to run more than one sample together
12. C) Cost of instrumentation and labels
13. D) Real-time sample detection and analysis

 

10. Nucleic acids are injected into the capillary in capillary electrophoresis by which of the following methods?
11. A) Hydrostatic
12. B) Electrokinetic
13. C) Pneumatic
14. D) Vacuum

 

11. Which of the following molecules will migrate the fastest in capillary electrophoresis?
12. A) Large and positively charged
13. B) Small and positively charged
14. C) Large and negatively charged
15. D) Small and negatively charged

 

12. Which of the following molecules is added to an electrophoresis buffer for the purpose of denaturing DNA?
13. A) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
14. B) Polyacrylamide
15. C) Formamide
16. D) Tris borate

 

13. In order to increase the density of a sample relative to the density of the buffer prior to loading the sample into a gel, which of the following is added to the sample?
14. A) Glycerol
15. B) Ethidium bromide
16. C) Formaldehyde
17. D) Tris acetate EDTA

 

14. A molecular technologist has run a vertical gel. While analyzing the gel, the technologist notices that the bands in the outer lanes did not run as far as similar-sized bands in the inner lanes so that the bands look like a smile on the gel. What is the explanation for this situation?
15. A) Samples were loaded into the inner wells first and got a head start moving down the gel.
16. B) A larger volume of sample was loaded into the outer wells so that it ran slower.
17. C) The electrodes in the middle of the gel were working better than at the edges of the gel.
18. D) The temperature across the gel was not constant so the inner wells were warmer.

 

15. Which of the following are used to make wells in a solidifying gel into which samples are loaded?
16. A) Brushes
17. B) Combs
18. C) Picks
19. D) Shovels

 

16. In order to monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?
17. A) Ethidium bromide
18. B) Acrylamide
19. C) Bromophenol blue
20. D) SyBr green

 

17. Which of the following can be used to detect the location of DNA bands in a gel after electrophoresis?
18. A) SyBr green
19. B) Xylene cyanol green
20. C) Bromophenol blue
21. D) Acridine orange

 

18. Which of the following properties is true for ethidium bromide?
19. A) Emits green light when excited at 300 nm
20. B) Level of detection is 60 pg of DNA
21. C) Intercalates between nitrogen bases
22. D) Has a very low background fluorescence in agarose

 

19. The functions of which of the following include carrying the current and protecting the sample nucleic acids during electrophoresis?
20. A) Polyacrylamide
21. B) Formaldehyde
22. C) Ammonium persulfate
23. D) Tris acetate EDTA

 

 

Answer Key

 

1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. D
12. C
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. C
17. A
18. C
19. D