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Chapter 1: What is Organization Development?
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
- The author defines organization development (OD) as ______.
- an effort (1) planned, (2) organizationwide, and (3) managed from the top, to (4) increase organization effectiveness and health through (5) planned interventions in the organization’s “processes,” using behavioral-science knowledge.
- being based on (1) a set of values, largely humanistic; (2) application of the behavioral sciences; and (3) open-systems theory, organization development is a systemwide process of planned change aimed toward improving overall organization effectiveness by way of enhanced congruence of such key organizational dimensions as external environment, mission, strategy, leadership, culture, structure, information and reward systems, and work policies and procedures.
- the process of increasing organizational effectiveness and facilitating personal and organizational change through the use of interventions driven by social and behavioral science knowledge.
- the process by which change is conducted and in which a change agent is more effective.
Ans: C
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Organization Development Defined
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Many definitions of OD propose that an outcome of OD activities is ______ .
- organizational effectiveness.
- a full toolkit for OD practitioners to use.
- a set of core values.
- management consulting.
Ans: A
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organization Development Defined
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Which of the following is considered the backdrop and purpose of organization development?
- training and development
- management consulting
- change
- employee participation
Ans: C
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Which of the following are developed by OD practitioners so that change can be developed and integrated into the organization’s functioning?
- toolkits
- needs analyses
- change agents
- interventions
Ans: D
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Change is required by which of the following?
- individuals
- team members
- organizations
- all the above
Ans: D
AACSB: Application of Knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
- ______ is a necessary and distinguishing characteristic of successful organizations.
- Training and development departments
- Organizational change
- Organizational culture
- Conflict resolution
Ans: B
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Hard
- When speaking of organization development, what is being referred to?
- specifically addressing employee participation in the public sector
- emphasizing team development
- coaching senior management
- the management of certain kinds of changes, especially how people implement and are affected by them
Ans: D
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
- In Example 1 regarding employee participation in the public sector, what contributed to increased collaboration and interaction among the groups?
- management-employee working teams
- departmental meetings
- positive corporate culture
- increased number of meetings
Ans: A
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 1
Difficulty Level: Hard
- As a result of increased participation in the public sector, ______ .
- there appeared to be an enhanced acceptance of the change process
- better communication did not result
- access to training and development decreased
- relationships with supervisors remained the same
Ans: A
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 1
Difficulty Level: Hard
- What was hindering Vodaphone’s ability to remain a viable competitor, innovator, and leader in their market?
- lack of training and development
- employee turnover
- the culture of the organization
- the competitive environment
Ans: C
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 2
Difficulty Level: Hard
- At Vodaphone, the company wanted to encourage a culture of ______ who make their own decisions and shared learning and development, speed, and accountability.
- empowered teams
- collaboration
- top-down management
- command and control
Ans: A
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 2
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Which of the following is not considered a benefit of empowered teams at Vodaphone?
- shared learning and development
- improved decision making speed
- increased accountability
- political blame
Ans: D
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 2
Difficulty Level: Hard
- What was the « command and control » issue at Vodaphone?
- value system
- IT system
- coaching program
- culture of blame
Ans: D
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 2
Difficulty Level: Easy
- What was the purpose of Vodaphone’s leadership coaching program?
- to train new managers in their positions
- to encourage a new, collaborative management style
- to exchange information among those that previously did not share their work
- to provide employees with the belief they were looking to improve
Ans: B
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 2
Difficulty Level: Hard
- One benefit of the program at Vodaphone included which of the following?
- managers continued their traditional way of running their organization
- coaching goals were established
- teams were more confident in their decisions as managers empowered them
- competition decreased over time
Ans: C
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 2
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Because of stress that healthcare workers endure, OD professionals have found that they need clear roles, social support, and professional autonomy to reduce which of the following?
- job satisfaction
- job dissatisfaction
- professional stress
- burnout and turnover
Ans: D
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 3
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Which of the following interventions were utilized as part of the initial OD three 2-day workshops at the Cancer Center?
- role play and dramatic exercises
- surveys
- interviews
- a and b
Ans: D
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 3
Difficulty Level: Medium
- ______ can be benefical to learn another’s role in an effort to see how others view them.
- Interviews
- OD interventions
- Role play or dramatic exercises
- Surveys
Ans: C
AACSB: Written and oral communication
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Example 3
Difficulty Level: Easy
- ______ can be used to gather detailed information regarding an intervention and assess how progress has been made.
- Surveys
- Interviews
- Role play
- Workshops
Ans: B
AACSB: Written and oral communication
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 3
Difficulty Level: Medium
- The Northern California Community sought to utilize OD interventions to solve their ______ .
- limited growth
- housing problem
- communication issues
- lack of diversity
Ans: B
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 4
Difficulty Level: Hard
- What was meant by having a « vertical slice » of citizen groups being represented in the Northern California Community?
- groups represented a mirror image of the community
- a top-down approach was utilized
- a bottom-up approach was utilized
- citizens were randomly selected
Ans: A
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 4
Difficulty Level: Hard
- What type of change prompted ABA to reorganize into a three-division structure?
- new management
- new corporate policies
- global expansion
- technology changes
Ans: C
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Which approach was utilized at ABA in order to kick off the organizational change effort?
- top-down approach
- bottom-up approach
- centralized decision making
- decentralized decision making
Ans: A
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Medium
- At ABA, what was the purpose of external consultants coaching managers after employee survey results were collected?
- to demonstrate commitment to the organization
- it was part of the consultants’ contract
- managers did not understand the survey data
- to guide self-exploration and personal development
Ans: D
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Hard
- What did survey results at ABA indicate was a common area of improvement across the management team?
- communication and technology skills
- personal leadership and communication skills
- communication and time management skills
- technology and personal leadership skills
Ans: B
AACSB: Written and oral communication
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Hard
- Over what time period did OD interventions occur at ABA to assist with the strategic change initiative?
- 1 year
- 2 years
- 3 years
- 4 years
Ans: D
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Medium
- What data indicated positive feelings from employees regarding the changes that occurred at ABA?
- surveys
- observations
- interviews
- a and c
Ans: D
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Which of the following was noted by leaders as a result of the change at ABA?
- more trusting relationships
- expanded locations
- increased technology usage
- new employees
Ans: A
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Medium
- According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, which are among the largest employers in the United States ?
- private sector businesses
- public sector businesses
- federal, state, and local governments
- international governments
Ans: C
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Example 5
Difficulty Level: Medium
- OD can be distinguished from ______ in specific functional areas such as finance, marketing, corporate strategy, IT, or supply chain management.
- training and development
- management consulting
- human resource development
- none of the above
Ans: B
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Management Consulting
Difficulty Level: Medium
- OD practitioners would not do which of the following to make recommendations about how an organization carries out an activity for future change?
- assist in implementation of recommended changes
- use consultation as a form of process advice
- use one content area of expertise
- offer relevant processes and techniques to make changes
Ans: C
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Management Consulting
Difficulty Level: Hard
- Which of the following is a not a way in which OD differs from training and development?
- learning is the sole objective, such as a new skill, system or procedure
- systemic organizational change efforts
- central aspects, such as needs assessment, course development, technology usage, and on-the-job training
- programs developed for large audiences
Ans: B
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Training and Development
Difficulty Level: Hard
- Change carried out through OD is intended to be ______ and ______ .
- short-term; permanent
- long-term; permanent
- short-term; immediate
- long-term; immediate
Ans: B
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Short Term
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Which of the following is a true statement regarding « toolkits » and OD?
- Seeking tools without knowledge about the OD process is likely to prevent OD success.
- OD toolkits can provide quick fixes to organizational problems.
- Practitioners can easily provide clients with what they want and need.
- Problems requiring OD often involve instrumented training or standard models.
Ans: A
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Application of a Toolkit
Difficulty Level: Hard
- OD is ______ .
- a rigid procedure for moving an organization from point A to point B
- a band-aid that organizations can use to solve problems in a quick and efficient manner
- being attuned to the social and personal dynamics of an organization, demonstrating flexibility in problem solving
- a standardized set of procedures and tools that all organizations can benefit from
Ans: C
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Application of a Toolkit
Difficulty Level: Hard
- Academic audiences prefer ______ over the use of ______ in terminology.
- operation development; organizational development
- organization development; organizational development
- organizational development; organization development
- organization development; operational development
Ans: B
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who This Book Is For
Difficulty Level: Easy
- The OD practitioner includes which of the following?
- managers and executives
- quality managers
- government agency leaders
- all the above
Ans: D
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Who This Book Is For
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Reading published OD case studies allows one to ______ .
- implement the same set of interventions to solve an organizational issue
- develop a deeper understanding of OD and learn from successes and struggles
- appreciate the ease that OD interventions can be implemented
- design training programs that mirror those within the given case
Ans: B
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Overview of the Book
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Analysis of OD case studies allow one to develop which of the following skills, which are central to the value that a practitioners brings to the client?
- communication and organizational
- problem-solving and communication
- problem-solving and critical-thinking
- critical-thinking and communication
Ans: C
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Analyzing Case Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
- What is the benefit of utilizing case studies to study OD?
- to see what scenarios have been shared in the profession
- to determine effectiveness of the progress of the profession
- to help one learn the role and thought process of an OD consultant or change agent through realistic examples
- to practice empathy with professionals in the profession
Ans: C
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Analyzing Case Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
- It is proposed that an outcome of organization development is organizational effectiveness.
Ans: T
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Organization Development Defined
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Large-scale organizational change is often simple and met without skepticism.
Ans: F
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
- To become effective, productive, and satisfying to members, organizations need to change.
Ans: T
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Easy
- OD is not concerned with a diverse variety of issues to address problems involving organizations, teams, or individuals.
Ans: F
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Organization Development Looks Like
Difficulty Level: Easy
- OD is the same as management consulting.
Ans: F
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Organization Development Is Not
Difficulty Level: Easy
- OD work is confined to training activities as part of training and development.
Ans: F
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Organization Development Is Not
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Real OD work involves more than the prescribed “toolkit.”
Ans: T
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Organization Development Is Not
Difficulty Level: Easy
- OD includes anyone who must lead organizational change as part of his or her role.
Ans: T
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Who This Book Is For
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
- Several examples of case studies of OD in action were provided in the chapter. Discuss components/variables of these cases that indicate these are appropriate examples of OD.
Ans: Responses may vary. The answer should point out components of OD and how they were addressed within the various case studies that were shared.
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Synthesis
Answer Location: What Organization Development Looks Like
Difficulty Level: Hard
- Discuss why organizations need to experience change.
Ans: To become effective, productive, and satisfying to members, organizations need to change. Change is required at the organizational level as customers demand more, technologies are development with a rapidly changing life cycle, and investors demand results. Organizations are required to develop new strategies, economic structures, technologies, organizational structures, and processes. Change is also required of people. There are cultural differences, changes in communication, and a changing diverse workforce. New skills are required, and the ability to adapt is a must.
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork; Diverse and multicultural work environments
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Making the Case for Organization Development
Difficulty Level: Medium
- How does OD differ from Management Consulting?
Ans: There is differentiation between the two in specific functional areas. Consulting where the practitioner offers content advice falls under the heading of management consulting, whereas OD offers consultation on the process used to reach a desired goal.
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Organization Development Is Not
Difficulty Level: Medium
- How does OD differ from Training and Development?
Ans: OD work is not confined to training activities. Specific Training and Development activities can be addressed as these are not the key areas of OD practitioners.
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Organization Development Is Not
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Why is OD considered to address long-term change?
Ans: Change is intended to be long-term and/or permanent. Systemic changes are development that are likely long lasting.
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Organization Development Is Not
Difficulty Level: Easy
Chapter 5: The Organization Development Practitioner and the OD Process
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
- Which consulting approach most focuses on a shared view of all responsibilities?
- Expert
- Doctor-Patient
- Mechanic
- Organization Development
Ans: D
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Table 5.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Which type of consulting approach is commonly utilized in the IT field or financial industry?
- Expert
- Doctor-Patient
- Mechanic
- Organization Development
Ans: A
AACSB: Integrating knowledge across fields
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Expert Model
Difficulty Level: Medium
- When using the ______ approach to consulting, the client has typically framed the problem already as a gap in knowledge that the consultant can fulfill.
- expert
- doctor-patient
- mechanic
- organization development
Ans: A
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Expert Model
Difficulty Level: Hard
- The ______ approach to consulting frequently results in low success after implementation.
- expert
- doctor-patient
- mechanic
- organization development
Ans: B
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Doctor-Patient
Difficulty Level: Hard
- When using the ______ approach to consulting, even if the problem is successfully solved, clients will likely not know how to solve the problem themselves in the the future and will be forced to contact the consultant again.
- expert
- doctor-patient
- mechanic
- organization development
Ans: B
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Doctor-Patient
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Within the ______ approach to consulting, the underlying notion is that clients do not have time or patience to deal with problems.
- expert
- doctor-patient
- mechanic
- organization development
Ans: C
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Mechanic Model
Difficulty Level: Medium
- The ______ approach to consulting essentially gives the consultant responsibilty over virtually every aspect of the problem and the solution, and the client relinquishes both accountability and responsibility of the problem.
- expert
- doctor-patient
- mechanic
- organization development
Ans: C
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Mechanic Model
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Within the ______ approach to consulting, the consultant has the responsibility to invite the client to share expectations about roles and working expectations.
- expert
- doctor-patient
- mechanic
- organization development
Ans: D
AACSB: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Organization Development Consulting Model
Difficulty Level: Easy
- OD consulting has also been referred to as ______ consulting, in an effort to set it apart from consulting in which the practitioner offers content expertise.
- expert
- process
- responsible
- accountable
Ans: B
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Organization Development Consulting Model
Difficulty Level: Medium
- OD consultants view ______ as the experts.
- themselves
- their colleagues
- clients
- members of society
Ans: C
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Organization Development Consulting Model
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Having more knowledge of organizational culture, history, and practices is an example of which of the following?
- advantage of internal consulting
- advantage of external consulting
- disadvantage of internal consulting
- disadvantage of external consulting
Ans: A
AACSB: Leading in organizational situations
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Table 5.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Earning a regular salary is an example of which of the following?
- advantage of internal consulting
- advantage of external consulting
- disadvantage of internal consulting
- disadvantage of external consulting
Ans: A
AACSB: Reflective thinking
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Table 5.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
- Having less political involvement, resulting in being more truthful with less consequence is an example of which of the following?
- advantage of internal consulting
- advantage of external consulting
- disadvantage of internal consulting
- disadvantage of external consulting
Ans: B
AACSB: Making sound decisions
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Table 5.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Organizational members feeling more comfortable sharing confidential information without fear of leaks is an example of which of the following?
- advantage of internal consulting
- advantage of external consulting
- disadvatnage of internal consulting
- disadvantage of external consulting
Ans: B
AACSB: Group and individual behaviors
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Table 5.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
- Having less variety in clients, industries, and issues is an example of which of the following?
- advantage of internal consulting
- advantage of external consulting
- disadvantage of internal consulting
- disadvantage of external consulting
Ans: C
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Table 5.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
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