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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the following organelles is specialized for lipid and steroid synthesis?
A) lysosomes
B) mitochondria
C) peroxisomes
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: E
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
2) Post-transcriptional processing adds a(n) ________ to the 5′ end of the mRNA molecule.
A) CAP
B) poly C tail
C) poly A tail
D) intron E) exon
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
3) During transcription, ________.
A) RNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus
B) protein is synthesized from RNA in the nucleus
C) DNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus
D) RNA is synthesized from DNA in the cytoplasm
E) protein is synthesized from RNA in the cytoplasm
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
4)________ is composed of nucleotide polymers with the phosphate of one nucleotide bound to the ribose sugar of another.
A) Ribonucleic acid
B) Deoxyribonucleic acid
C) Flavin adenine dinucleotide
D) Adenosine diphosphate
E) Guanosine monophosphate
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
5) Which of the following molecules will dissolve readily in water?
A) triglyceride
B) NaCl
C) C6H14
D) fatty acid
E) cholesterol
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
6) Continuous with the outer portion of the nuclear pore, this membrane-bound structure functions in the synthesis of secretory proteins, integral membrane proteins, or proteins bound for other
organelles.
A) lysosome
B) nucleolus
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) rough endoplasmic reticulum
E) mitochondria
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
7) Which of the following properties is true for both DNA and RNA?
A) follows the law of complementary base pairing
B) double-stranded
C) contains the base uracil
D) contains the base thymine
E) contains the sugar deoxyribose
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
8)________ are proteins attached to intermediate filaments in regions where cells are exposed to mechanical stresses.
A) Connexins
B) Tubulins
C) Occludins
D) Dyneins
E) Cadherins
Answer: E
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
9)Which of the following is NOT a possible destination for proteins synthesized on ribosomes free in the cytosol?
A) peroxisome
B) remains in cytosol
C) nucleus
D) secreted from the cell
E) mitochondrion
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
10)________ are molecules whose general structure includes a carboxyl group, an amine group, a hydrogen molecule, and a residual group.
A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Amino acids
D) Proteins
E) Nucleotides
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
11) During translation, ________ is synthesized in the ________.
A) DNA : nucleus
B) RNA : nucleus
C) protein : cytoplasm
D) protein : nucleus
E) RNA : cytoplasm
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
12) What causes DNA to uncoil during transcription?
A) binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter sequence
B) binding of helicase to the DNA
C) binding of tRNA to the initiator codon
D) binding of DNA polymerase to the leader sequence
E) binding of ubiquitin to the DNA
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
13) Which of the following components of the plasma membrane forms ion channels?
A) integral membrane proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) peripheral membrane proteins
D) phospholipids
E) cholesterol
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
14)Based on the following figure, what type of molecule is this?
A) steroid
B) phospholipid
C) fatty acid
D) amino acid
E) nucleotide
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
15)________ are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes like catalase, which catalyzes the breakdown of H2O2 to H2O and O2.
A) Ribosomes
B) Vaults
C) Peroxisomes
D) Lysosomes
E) Mitochondria
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
16) The ________ is the site of ribosomal RNA production.
A) lysosome
B) nucleus
C) nucleolus
D) mitochondria
E) cytosol
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
17) Which of the following molecules is a polymer?
A) both protein and nucleic acid
B) protein, nucleic acid, and glycogen
C) protein only
D) nucleic acid only
E) glycogen only
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
18) Which of the following is found in DNA but not RNA?
A) both adenine and thymine
B) adenine only
C) thymine only
D) deoxyribose only
E) both thymine and deoxyribose
Answer: E
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
19) What organelle synthesizes most of the ATP used by cells?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) lysosomes
C) peroxisomes
D) mitochondria
E) ribosomes
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
20) Secondary protein structure is the result of ________.
A) van der Waals forces
B) hydrogen bonds
C) covalent bonds
D) ionic bonds
E) all of the above
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
21) ________ are molecules composed of a glycerol and three fatty acids.
A) Phospholipids
B) Saturated fatty acids
C) Steroids
D) Triglycerides
E) Eicosanoids
Answer: D
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
22)________ are proteins that form channels between cells, allowing ions and small molecules to diffuse directly from one cell to the other.
A) Connexins
B) Cadherins
C) Occludins
D) Tubulins
E) Dyneins
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
23) During what phase of cell division do two new nuclear envelopes begin to redevelop?
A) telophase
B) metaphase
C) interphase
D) anaphase
E) prophase
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
24) During what phase of the cell cycle does cellular replication of DNA occur?
A) S
B) mitosis
C) G1
D) G2
E) G0
Answer: A
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
25) Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?
A) A single codon may code for more than one amino acid.
B)The tRNA anticodon is complementary to the mRNA codon, and therefore is ALWAYS identical to the DNA triplet word.
C) A single gene contains only those nucleotides that code for a single protein.
D) The promoter sequence is found on the antisense strand of DNA.
E) Termination codons do not code for amino acids. Answer: E
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
26) What functions as a marker to direct proteins to proteasomes that degrade proteins?
A) The A site
B) AUG
C) Ubiquitin
D) Protease
E) Polymerase
Answer: C
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
Figure 2.1
Using Figure 2.1, answer the following questions:
27)In Figure 2.1, ________ between phosphate and carbohydrate of the nucleotides hold the backbone of the DNA strands together.
A) disulfide bridges
B) hydrogen bonds
C) van der Waals forces
D) ionic bonds
E) covalent bonds
Answer: E
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
28) ________ act(s) as the precursor to steroid molecules, many of which function as hormones.
A) Saturated fatty acids
B) Cholesterol
C) Unsaturated fatty acids
D) Eicosanoids
E) Phospholipids
Answer: B
Explanation: A) B) C) D) E)
29) Which of the organelles contains its own DNA?
A) mitochondria
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) lysosomes
E) Golgi apparatus
Answer: A
