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Chapter 01: An Introduction to Information Systems
TRUE/FALSE
- The use of information systems is practical in only a limited number of professions.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Information is simply a collection of raw facts such as an employee number or the total hours worked in a week.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Some countries try to censor or control what information is available to their citizens, especially through the Internet and social media.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Information and data are essentially the same thing.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Using a computer to forecast future sales and order more inventory before a shortage can occur is an example of information system feedback.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- A CBIS is a single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- The technology infrastructure is a set of shared IS resources that form the foundation of each computer-based information system.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Increasingly, companies are incorporating computer-based information systems into their products and services.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Today’s more advanced processor chips have the power of 1990s-era supercomputers.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Teraflops is a measure of computer processing speed.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Application software such as Microsoft Windows controls basic computer operations, including start-up and printing.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Software is needed for computers of all sizes from cell phones and small hand held devices to the largest supercomputers.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Information about the documents on the Web and access to these documents are controlled and provided by tens of thousands of special computers called Web servers.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- The World Wide Web is a network of links on the Internet to documents containing text, graphics, video, and sound.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- An intranet is a network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company’s extranet.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Transaction processing systems were developed in the 1950s.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- C2C stands for computer-to-computer e-commerce.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Mobile commerce is the use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- While technologically advanced, unfortunately, e-commerce offers few advantages for streamlining work activities.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Electronic business goes beyond e-commerce and e-procurement by using information systems and the Internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A DSS can include a collection of models to support a decision maker, a collection of facts, and procedures that help decision makers to interact with the DSS.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- An MIS typically provides standard reports generated with data and information from a TPS or ERP system.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A decision support system is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Some successful stock, options, and futures traders use expert systems to spot trends and improve the profitability of their investments.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Neural networks give the computer the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field, helping enhance the performance of a novice users.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- The unique value of learning systems is that they allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and specialists.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Augmented reality is a new form of virtual reality that enables a user to become fully immersed in an artificial, computer-generated 3D world.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Outsourcing is the hiring of an overseas company to perform some or all of a systems development project.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- Systems analysis defines the problems and opportunities of the existing system.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- Organizations cannot fire employees who criticize their employer on Facebook or other social networks because of the First Amendment which guarantees freedom of expression.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Information Systems in Society, Business, and Industry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- _____ is an important component of every information system that helps organizations to achieve their goals.
| a. | Hardware | c. | Feedback mechanism |
| b. | Software | d. | Data |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- The process of defining relationships among data to create useful information requires ______
| a. | an information system. | c. | knowledge |
| b. | intelligence | d. | intuition |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- ______ are people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge and are usually professionals in science, engineering, business, and other areas.
| a. | Systems analysts | c. | Chief Information Officer |
| b. | Knowledge workers | d. | End user |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Data that can be used for a variety of purposes is said to be ______.
| a. | flexible | c. | relevant |
| b. | economical | d. | verifiable |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organization’s _____.
| a. | profits | c. | cost reduction initiatives |
| b. | goals | d. | quality improvement measures |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- ______ is a measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals.
| a. | Efficiency | c. | Performance rate |
| b. | Reliability | d. | Effectiveness |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- In information systems, _____ is used to make changes to input or processing activities.
| a. | forecasting | c. | output |
| b. | feedback | d. | processing |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities.
| a. | Information technology | c. | Telecommunications |
| b. | Technology infrastructure | d. | Hardware |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Keyboards, automatic scanning devices, and equipment that can read magnetic ink characters are examples of _____ hardware.
| a. | storage | c. | output |
| b. | processing | d. | input |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ consists of computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.
| a. | Hardware | c. | Applications |
| b. | Software | d. | Telecommunications |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ connect computers and equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.
| a. | Telecommunications | c. | Networks |
| b. | Telecommuting | d. | Databases |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- An _____ is a network based on Web technologies that allows only selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company’s intranet.
| a. | Internet | c. | Web 2.0 |
| b. | blog | d. | extranet |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ is (are) considered to be the most important element in a computer-based information system.
| a. | Hardware | c. | Procedures |
| b. | Software | d. | People |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- A common type of information system used in business organizations are those designed for _____
| a. | electronic and mobile commerce | c. | decision support |
| b. | transaction processing | d. | all of the above |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- _____ involves using information systems and the Internet to acquire parts and supplies.
| a. | e-commerce | c. | mobile commerce |
| b. | e-business | d. | e-procurement |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- The earliest type of business information system developed in the 1950s was the _____.
| a. | transaction processing system | c. | decision support system |
| b. | enterprise resource planning system | d. | e-commerce system |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to perform and record business transactions.
| a. | decision support system | c. | business intelligence system |
| b. | management information system | d. | transaction processing system |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A set of integrated programs that manages vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization.
| a. | transaction processing system | c. | enterprise resource planning system |
| b. | e-commerce system | d. | decision support system |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem-specific decision making.
| a. | TPS | c. | DSS |
| b. | MIS | d. | Virtual reality system |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- The ______ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience.
| a. | artificial intelligence system | c. | virtual reality |
| b. | expert system | d. | knowledge management system |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- _____ is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to recognize and act on patterns or trends.
| a. | Vision systems | c. | Robotic systems |
| b. | Neural networks | d. | Natural language processing |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Hiring an outside company to perform some or all of a systems development project is called _____
| a. | virtual reality | c. | systems investigation |
| b. | offshoring | d. | outsourcing |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- The goal of the _____ phase of systems development is to gain a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed.
| a. | systems analysis | c. | systems design |
| b. | systems investigation | d. | systems implementation |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- The _______ phase of systems development defines the problems and opportunities of the existing systems.
| a. | systems investigation | c. | design |
| b. | analysis | d. | maintenance |
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- According to Thomas Friedman in his book The World is Flat, we have progressed from the globalization of countries to the globalization of multinational corporations to the globalization of ______.
| a. | information systems | c. | products and services |
| b. | technology | d. | individuals |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Global Challenges in Information Systems
COMPLETION
- _____ is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways the information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.
ANS: Knowledge
PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- In information systems, the activity of gathering and capturing raw data is called _____.
ANS: input
PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Predicting future events to avoid problems is called _____.
ANS: forecasting
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- ____________ is information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.
ANS: Feedback
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Computerized ______ are being placed in vehicles to record vehicle speed, possible engine problems, driver performance, and more.
ANS: event data recorders
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Although most software can be installed from CDs, many of today’s software packages can be downloaded through the _____.
ANS: Internet
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- An approach to work called _____ that enables people to work from home or while traveling.
ANS: telecommuting
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- The _____ is the world’s largest computer network consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.
ANS: Internet
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ allows people to get the information they need from the Internet instead of from desktop or corporate computers.
ANS: Cloud computing
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- The _____ is a network of links on the Internet to documents containing text, graphics, video, and sound.
ANS: World Wide Web or Web
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- The technology used to create the Internet is also being applied within companies and organizations to create _____, which allow people in an organization to exchange information and work on projects.
ANS: intranets
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ include the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using the CBIS.
ANS: Procedures
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- _____ involves any business transactions executed electronically between companies.
ANS: E-commerce
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- The use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business is called ____________
ANS: mobile commerce, m-commerce
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions is called a(n) _____.
ANS: transaction processing system
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A(n) _____ is a set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization.
ANS: Enterprise resource planning system
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A(n) ____________ is an organized collection of people, processes, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.
ANS: management information system
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- A system to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience is called a(n) _____.
ANS: knowledge management system
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- ____________ is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to recognize and act on patterns or trends.
ANS: Neural network
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- The collection of rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed by an expert system to achieve the proper outcome is contained in the expert system’s _____.
ANS: knowledge base
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- ____________, a newer form of virtual reality, has the potential to superimpose digital data over real photos or images.
ANS: Augmented reality
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- ____________ is the activity of creating or modifying information systems.
ANS: Systems development
PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- During the ____________ phase of the systems development process the project team determines how the new system should be developed to meet the business needs defined during systems analysis.
ANS: design
PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- The ____________ phase of systems development includes purchasing software, hardware, databases, and other IS components.
ANS: systems implementation
PTS: 1 REF: Systems Development
- ____________ is the knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations.
ANS: Information systems literacy
PTS: 1 REF: Information Systems in Society, Business, and Industry
ESSAY
- Briefly distinguish between data, information, and knowledge.
ANS:
Data consists of raw facts, such as employee number or total hours worked in a week. Information is a collection of facts organized and processed so that they have additional value beyond the value of individual facts. Turning data into information is a process, a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome. The process of defining relationships among data to create useful information requires knowledge. Knowledge is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.
PTS: 1 REF: Information Concepts
- Define the term information system and briefly identify its fundamental components.
ANS:
An information system is a set of interrelated elements or components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and provide for a corrective reaction to meet an objective. The fundamental components include input, processing, output, and feedback. Input is the activity of gathering and capturing raw data. Processing involves converting data into useful output. It can be done manually or by using a computer. Output involves producing useful information, often in the form of documents and reports. Feedback is information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.
PTS: 1 REF: Systems Concepts
- Distinguish between the Internet and the Web.
ANS:
The Internet is the world’s largest network consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information. People use the Internet to research information, buy and sell products and services, make travel arrangements, conduct banking, download music and videos, read books, and listen to radio programs, among other activities. The Web is one of many services available over the Internet. It is a network of links on the Internet to documents containing text, graphics, video, and sound. Information about the documents and access to them are controlled and provided by tens of thousands of special computers called Web servers.
PTS: 1 REF: System Concepts
- Distinguish between an MIS and DSS.
ANS:
An MIS provides routine information to managers and decision makers. The first MIS systems were developed in the 1960s and provide standard reports generated with data and information from a TPS or ERP system. DSS systems were first developed in the 1980s and used to support problem-specific decision making. The DSS employs a collection of models to support the decision maker, a collection of facts, and systems and procedures that help users interact with it.
PTS: 1 REF: Business Information Systems
- Identify and briefly discuss the three eras of globalization according to Thomas Friedman.
ANS:
We have progressed from the globalization of multinational countries (Globalization 1.0) to the globalizations of corporations (Globalization 2.0) and individuals (Globalization 3.0). Today, people in remote areas can use the Internet to compete with and contribute to other people, the largest corporations, and entire countries. These workers are empowered by high-speed Internet access, making the world flatter. In the Globalization 3.0 era, designing a new airplane or computer can be separated into smaller subtasks and then completed by a person or small group that can do the best job. These workers can be located in India, China, Russia, and other areas of the world. The subtasks can then be combined or reassembled into the complete design. This approach can be used to prepare tax returns, diagnose a patient’s medical condition, fix a broken computer, and many other tasks.
PTS: 1 REF: Global Challenges in Information Systems
Chapter 05: Database Systems, Data Centers, and Business Intelligence
TRUE/FALSE
- A database, a database management system, and the application programs that use the data make up a database environment.
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Why Learn About Database Systems, Data Centers, and Business Intelligence?
- A database scientist is a skilled and trained IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database, including providing security from intruders.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Why Learn About Database Systems, Data Centers, and Business Intelligence?
- An attribute is a general class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- A collection of fields about a specific object is a record.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- Today, few organizations use the database approach to data management, where multiple information systems share a pool of related data.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- The specific value of an attribute is called a data entity.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- Due to their size, databases must be stored on mainframe computers or other large, powerful computers.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- Climate control is an important component of modern data centers..
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- Business and technology vendors are working to develop blue data centers that run more efficiently and require less energy for processing and cooling.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- Microsoft built a data center taking up 16 football fields of space filled with 220 shipping containers packed with servers.
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- When organizing a database, key considerations include determining what data to collect, who will have access to it, how they might want to use it, and how to monitor database performance.
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- A data model is a diagram of data attributes and their relationships.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- The relational model describes data using a standard tabular format; all data elements are placed in three-dimensional tables called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- Oracle is currently the market leader in general purpose databases, with about three-fourths of the multibillion dollar database market.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- In the relational model, each row of a table represents a data entity or row and each column of the table represents an attribute or field.
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- Selecting involves combining two or more tables.
ANS: F PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- Projecting involves eliminating columns in a table.
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- One of the primary advantages of a relational database is that it allows tables to be linked to reduce data redundancy and allow data to be organized more logically.
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- The relational database model is by far the most widely used..
ANS: T PTS: 1
REF: Data Centers, Data Modeling, and Database Characteristics
- One of the final steps in installing and using a large database involves “telling” the DBMS the logical and physical structure of the data and the relationships among the data for each user.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Database Management Systems
- The DBMS serves as an interface between an application program and the database.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Database Management Systems
- The Database Administrator is an important non-technical responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all the databases in an organization.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Database Management Systems
- The DBA must have a clear understanding of the fundamental business of the organization, be proficient in the use of selected database management systems, and stay abreast of emerging technologies and new design approaches.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Database Management Systems
- A data warehouse stores historical data that has been extracted from operational systems, external sources, and, sometimes, even unique sources.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
- Big data refers to large amounts of unstructured data from sources such as the Internet, photos, videos, audio, social networks, and sensors that is difficult to capture, store, and manipulate using traditional database management systems.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
- Data query involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
- Predictive analysis is a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict the outcome of events.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
- Counterintelligence turns data into useful information that then is kept closely guarded to avoid this information from falling into the hands of the wrong employees.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
- Business intelligence is gained through industrial espionage and the gathering of this information often includes illegal or unethical means.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
- Online Analytical Processing and data mining are essentially the same thing.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Database Applications
MULTIPLE CHOICE
- A database _____.
| a. | is accessed primarily for use by the organization’s database administrator and data administrator | c. | is a collection of unstructured data |
| b. | provides an essential foundation for an organization’s knowledge management and artificial intelligence systems | d. | helps companies reduce costs, increase profits, track past business activities, and open new market opportunities |
ANS: D PTS: 1
REF: Why Learn About Database Systems, Data Centers, and Business Intelligence?
- The smallest piece of data used by a computer is the _____.
| a. | entity | c. | bit |
| b. | byte | d. | character |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- A database is a collection of integrated and related _____.
| a. | fields | c. | records |
| b. | attributes | d. | files |
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- A collection of fields all related to a single object, activity, or individual is a(n) _____.
| a. | record | c. | attribute |
| b. | file | d. | character |
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
- A ________ is s field or set of fields in a record that uniquely defines the record.
| a. | attribute | c. | primary key |
| b. | key | d. | data item |
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Data Management
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