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Chapter 2 Together or Apart? Some Competing Views
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Assimilation theories are generally referred to as ________ or order theories.
A) conflict B) consensus C) immigrant D) emigrant
Answer: B
Page Ref: 21
2) Theories predicting that intergroup association over long periods of time will generate lasting
hostility are examples of:
A) conflict theories. B) consensus theories.
C) immigrant theories. D) emigrant theories.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 21
3) Assimilation theorists often come under attack by conflict theorists for all of the following
except:
A) ignoring power differences.
B) confusing assimilation as a matter of fact with a desirable condition.
C) not applying to non-Whites.
D) overemphasizing the struggles on non-Whites.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 22
4) The most important alternative to assimilation theory is ________ ________ according to the
authors.
A) conflict theory B) consensus theory
C) internal colonialism D) external political
Answer: C
Page Ref: 22
5) According to your text, as the English colonized the North American continent, the Native
Indians had to conform or:
A) fight to the death. B) pillage and plunder.
C) retreat to other lands. D) poison the water supplies.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 22
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6) By the 17th century, the ________ had become established as the “native” group along the
Atlantic seaboard.
A) Anglo Americans B) African Americans
C) Native Americans D) Irish Americans
Answer: A
Page Ref: 22-23
7) All of the following fit the early “American” assimilation patter, except:
A) English cultured. B) Protestant.
C) English languaged. D) non-White.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 23
8) If a minority immigrant group keeps their culture and adapts the mainstream culture, then
they have practiced assimilation by:
A) substitution. B) subtraction. C) addition. D) multiplication.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 23
9) If a minority immigrant group trades their culture and adapts the mainstream culture, then
they have practiced assimilation by:
A) substitution. B) subtraction. C) addition. D) multiplication.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 23
10) Structural assimilation focuses on ________ relationships, according to Gordon.
A) secondary B) tertiary C) primary D) extra-racial
Answer: C
Page Ref: 23-24
11) The authors divide Gordon’s typology into all of the following except:
A) structural assimilation. B) educational assimilation.
C) primary assimilation. D) secondary assimilation.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 24
12) When majority and minority group members have the belief that they are part of the same
ethnic group, ________ assimilation has occurred.
A) structural B) marital
C) identificational D) behavior receptional
Answer: C
Page Ref: 24
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13) An unfavorable attitude toward people because they belong to a certain group is called:
A) prejudice. B) discrimination. C) violence. D) harassment.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 24
14) An unfavorable action toward people because they belong to a certain group is called:
A) prejudice. B) discrimination. C) violence. D) harassment.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 24
15) When prejudice disappears, then ________ assimilation has occurred.
A) behavior B) economic C) legal D) attitude
Answer: D
Page Ref: 25
16) In Chapter Two, the authors list ________ subprocesses of assimilation that may lead to a
situation in which subordinate and dominant groups become indistinguishable from one
another.
A) three B) five C) six D) eight
Answer: D
Page Ref: 25
17) In Chapter Two, the authors keep their discussion of assimilation at the:
A) societal level. B) group level.
C) personal level. D) immigrant level.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 25
18) According to Gordon, a group may assimilate ________ without necessarily proceeding
through the remaining levels of assimilation.
A) culturally B) biologically
C) economically D) attitude receptional
Answer: A
Page Ref: 25
19) Which group had the more difficult challenge in taking on the Anglo culture by assimilation
via substitution?
A) Whites B) Dutch
C) Native Americans D) French
Answer: C
Page Ref: 26
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20) According to Chapter Two, many of the ________ did not move through all of the levels of
assimilation and they did not necessarily want to do so.
A) Irish B) Dutch
C) Native Americans D) French
Answer: B
Page Ref: 26
21) Which of the following could fully assimilate into Anglo conformist America, if they had the
desire to do so?
A) Dutch B) Native Americans
C) Mexican Americans D) African Americans
Answer: A
Page Ref: 28
22) In the Anglo-conformity model, cultural assimilation occurs by:
A) addition. B) substitution. C) subtraction. D) multiplication.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 28
23) The authors argued that according to the Anglo-conformity model, the very meaning of the
word “American” had become:
A) substituted. B) diversified. C) anglicized. D) Africanized.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 28
24) According to the Anglo-conformity model, which goals concerning assimilation have both
groups agreeing that the other’s group members will be accepted as close friends and members
of their primary groups?
A) cultural B) secondary C) marital D) primary
Answer: D
Page Ref: 29
25) The melting-pot ideology ________ the idea that the Anglo-American core should remain as it
was before assimilation occurred.
A) accepts B) rejects C) confirms D) disproves
Answer: B
Page Ref: 30
26) The ideology of cultural pluralism can be traced specifically to:
A) Kallen. B) Gordon. C) Handlin. D) Park.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 31
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27) Which model do the authors use as their reference point for this book?
A) Anglo-conformity B) melting pot
C) cultural pluralism D) secondary assimilation
Answer: C
Page Ref: 31
28) Which perspective offers the broader range of possible models than the others?
A) Anglo-conformity B) melting pot
C) cultural pluralism D) secondary assimilation
Answer: C
Page Ref: 33
29) Which researcher presented an anti-assimilationist model?
A) Park B) Blauner C) Gordon D) Kallen
Answer: B
Page Ref: 33
30) Blauner argued that “the communities of color in America share essential conditions with
Third World nations abroad.” These include all of the following, except:
A) high birth rates. B) economic underdevelopment.
C) heritage of colonialism. D) lack of political autonomy.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 34
True or False Questions
1) Park and Gordon disagreed that cultural assimilation must lead to other forms of assimilation.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 21
2) “Americans” from the earliest periods in 1600s history came to mean English speakers.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 22
3) The Europeans displaced the Native Indians in America, then assumed they were the natives.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 22-23
4) Natives had little influence on the survival and subsistence of the European settlers.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 23
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5) When minority groups assimilate, yet remain distinguishable, they have probably experienced
cultural assimilation by addition.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 23
6) After secondary assimilation, identificational assimilation comes next.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
7) Prejudices are rarely judgements of others.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24
8) A complete merger means no more prejudice nor discrimination will occur between the
minority group and dominant group members.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 24-25
9) The authors agree with Gordon that there are subprocesses of assimilation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 25
10) Secondary assimilation does not always follow primary assimilation in the lists presented in
the text.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 25
11) Sometimes assimilation includes the adoption of cultural standards form groups other than the
mainstream group in a society.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 25
12) For Gordon, the formation of secondary relationships was the key factor.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 26
13) Gordon did NOT believe that a merger of two groups was inevitable in his model of
assimilation.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 26
14) Almost all of the Dutch gave up their culture and their language.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 27
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15) The authors ignore the issue of the beliefs different people hold concerning how the ethnic
groups of our society ought to relate to one another.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 27
16) The Catholic belief system was at the core of Anglo-conformity.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 27
17) Any group wishing to complete Anglo-conformity assimilation must go beyond intermarriage.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 28
18) Any group wishing to complete Anglo-conformity assimilation must continue to struggle over
values and power.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 28
19) In 1783 J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur asked “What then is the American, this new man? He is
neither a European nor a descendent of a European…”
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 30
20) Kallen argued that ethnically distinctive groups need NOT disappear to have a culturally
plural society.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 31
21) Pluralists believe that no one can become 100 percent American.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 33
22) Separationists do not seek for a total separation from mainstream society.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 36
Essay Questions
1) Contrast the three assimilationist theories in terms of primary, secondary group, and cultural
assimilation.
2) What are the core concerns of conflict theorists about assimilation theorists?
3) Take the position that America is NOT a melting pot, but rather something different. Be
detailed about what different means.
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4) Define cultural assimilation by substitution and by addition and provide an example for each.
5) Contrast the core ideas of Kallen and Gordon in terms of assimilation. Focus only on the core
differences as they relate to American experience.
6) How might Blauner criticize Gordon at the personal, group, and larger social levels of
American experience?
7) Describe ten ways in which America has become a pluralist society, providing evidence for
your claims.
8) Briefly explain the problems that African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native
Americans have in fitting into the Anglo conformity experience.
9) Describe the basic differences between separationist and secessionist ideologies. How might
the U.S. Federal Government respond to a large scale movement from either of these
perspectives?
10) Briefly explain who benefits the most from Anglo-conformity, cultural pluralist, and
separationist perspectives.
