Test Bank For Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences 2nd Edition By Gregory J. Privitera

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Chapter 1

 

Multiple Choice (75)

 

1. ________ is the acquisition of knowledge through observation, evaluation, interpretation, and theoretical explanation.

 

1. Science
2. Empiricism
3. Authority
4. Statistics

LO: 1, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

2. A researcher uses the scientific method to acquire knowledge through observation, evaluation, interpretation, and theoretical explanation. This researcher is engaged in:

 

LO: 1, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

3. Science is the acquisition of knowledge through all of the following except:

 

4. anecdotal evidence

LO: 1, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

4. Which of the following is NOT a means of acquiring knowledge through science?

 

1. Acquire knowledge through observation
2. Acquire knowledge through tenacity and intuition
3. Acquire knowledge through theoretical explanation
4. Acquire knowledge through evaluation and interpretation

LO: 1, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

5. Science is a broad term that comes from the Latin scientia, meaning what?

 

1. To state [a theory or idea]
2. Knowledge
3. To observe
4. Interpretation

LO: 1, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

6. The ________ refers to a set of systematic techniques used to acquire, modify, and integrate knowledge concerning observable and measurable phenomena.

 

1. hypothesis
2. population
3. scientific method
4. operational definition

LO: 1, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: The Scientific Method

 

7. The scientific method refers to a set of systematic techniques used to acquire, modify, and integrate knowledge concerning:

 

1. observable and measurable phenomena.
2. populations, but not samples.
3. statistics, but not parameters .
4. any phenomena.

LO: 1, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

8. Another name for the scientific method is the:

 

1. sampling method.
2. systematic method.
3. research method.
4. preferred method.

LO: 1, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

9. Science is ________ way of knowing about the world.

 

1. one
2. the only
3. the best
4. the worst

LO: 1, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Science as a Method of Knowing

 

10. Which of the following is NOT one of the six general steps to apply the scientific method?

 

1. Identify a problem
2. Select an authority figure
3. Conduct the study
4. Develop a research plan

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: The Scientific Method

 

11. Which of the following lists the general steps for engaging in the scientific method in the correct order?

 

1. Identify a problem, conduct the study, develop a research plan, analyze, and evaluate the data, generate more new ideas, and communicate the results.
2. Identify a problem, conduct the study, develop a research plan, analyze, and evaluate the data, communicate the results, and generate more new ideas.
3. Identify a problem, develop a research plan, conduct the study, analyze, and evaluate the data, communicate the results, and generate more new ideas.
4. Develop a research plan, conduct the study, identify a problem, analyze, and evaluate the data, communicate the results, and generate more new ideas.

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: The Scientific Method

 

12. The first step in the scientific process is to identify a problem, which entails all of the following except:

 

1. performing a literature review.
2. determining an area of interest.
3. developing a research hypothesis.
4. conducting the study

LO: 2, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Step 1 Identify a Problem

 

13. A researcher reads an article that reports a significant result. While reading this article, the researcher identifies a hypothesis to explain the findings reported in that article. Which step of the scientific method is described in this example?

 

1. Analyze and evaluate data
2. Conduct the study
3. Communicate the results
4. Identify a problem

LO: 2, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Step 1 Identify a Problem

 

14. Based on results reported in published articles, a researcher states that men will be less likely than women to read nutrition labels when making decisions about purchasing foods. What is this statement called?

 

1. Intuition
2. Hypothesis
3. Research plan
4. Literature review

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (3) Identify new ideas in your area of research

 

15. A researcher conducts a literature review. After completing this review, she states that texting during class can improve student learning. This statement is referred to as:

 

1. intuition
2. a hypothesis
3. a research plan
4. a literature review

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (4) Develop a research hypothesis

 

16. A research hypothesis must be ________ when subjected to the scientific method.

 

1. intuitive
2. logical
3. testable
4. accurate

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (3) Identify new ideas in your area of research

 

17. A(n) ________ is a testable claim or statement concerning the relationship between variables that can be observed.

 

1. variable
2. statistic
3. operational definition
4. research hypothesis

LO: 2, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, (3) Identify new ideas in your area of research

 

18. A(n) ________ is a description of some observable event in terms of the specific process or manner by which it was observed or measured.

 

1. variable
2. statistic
3. operational definition
4. research hypothesis

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (1) Define the variables being tested

 

19. A researcher measures attraction among dating college students. Which of the following is an appropriate operational definition for attraction?

 

1. The appeal of a persons’ physical appearance.
2. The duration of a conversation (in min) between two people.
3. The closeness or love felt for another person.
4. Anecdotal responses from people

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (1) Define the variables being tested

 

20. A researcher measures recall of an entrance exam taken two weeks prior. Which of the following is an appropriate operational definition for anxiety?

 

1. The number of questions answered correctly on a similar test.
2. The ability to bring a thought or experience back to mind or memory.
3. The accuracy of the mind or memory.
4. The number of questions answered correctly on a different test.

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (1) Define the variables being tested

 

21. Which of the following is an example of a variable?

 

1. The value of pie,
2. The human lifespan
3. The number of years in one decade
4. The number of meters in one mile

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (1) Define the variables being tested

 

 

22. The scientific method can be used to study only phenomena that can be:

 

1. observed and measured.
2. studied in a laboratory.
3. readily understood.
4. made into origami .

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: The Scientific Method

 

23. How can scientists ensure that the variables they investigate can be observed and measured?

 

1. Scientists state the dictionary definition of an investigated variable.
2. Scientists use their trained intuition before investigating a variable.
3. Scientists state an operational definition of an investigated variable.
4. Scientists do nothing; it is not necessary to observe and measure variables.

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Define the variables being tested

 

24. A(n) ________ is a set of all individuals, items, or data of interest. This is the group about which scientists will generalize.

 

1. variable
2. statistic
3. population
4. sample

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (2) Identify participants or subjects and determine how to sample them

 

25. Suppose that a researcher is interested in a group of 10 million people who paid to see a movie playing in theaters. In this example, the 10 million moviegoers would be:

 

1. a sample of moviegoers who paid to see the movie in a theater.
2. a population of moviegoers who paid to see the movie in a theater.
3. an independent variable.
4. a dependent variable.

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (2) Identify participants or subjects and determine how to sample them

 

26. Researchers measure data in a ________ to learn more about individuals in the larger _______ of interest.

 

1. sample; population
2. statistic; inference
3. population; sample
4. inference; statistic

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (2) Identify participants or subjects and determine how to sample them

 

27. Researchers rarely have access to entire populations. How do researchers resolve this limitation?

 

1. They do not need to resolve this; it is not a limitation at all.
2. They record data from an entire population of people to make inferences concerning characteristics in a sample.
3. They record data from as many persons in a population as possible to draw conclusions concerning only those individuals.
4. They record data from a sample of people in the larger population in order to make inferences concerning characteristics in that larger population.

LO: 2, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: (2) Identify participants or subjects and determine how to sample them

 

28. A(n) ________ is a set of selected individuals, items, or data taken from a population of interest.

 

1. statistic
2. criterion
3. population
4. sample

LO: 2, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (2) Identify participants or subjects and determine how to sample them

 

29. A professor teaches a class of 42 students. If only 34 students show up to take the first exam, then how would we characterize this group who took the first exam?

 

1. This group constitutes the population of all students in the class.
2. This group is likely to be absent for the second exam.
3. This group constitutes a sample of all students in the class.
4. This group is not registered for the class.

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: (2) Identify participants or subjects and determine how to sample them

 

30. As part of the scientific process, if we are conducting the study, then this means that we are:

 

1. executing the research plan.
2. at the last step in the scientific process.
3. trying to decide on a research plan.
4. not engaged in the scientific method.

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Step 3 Conduct the Study

 

31. Using the scientific method, we typically analyze and evaluate data in order to:

 

1. avoid the need to conduct a study.
2. avoid using statistical techniques.
3. determine whether or not to measure data.
4. determine whether the pattern of data shows support for a research hypothesis.

LO: 2, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: (1) Analyze and evaluate the data as they relate to the research hypothesis

 

 

32. ____ are measurements or observations that are typically numeric.

 

1. Operations
2. Data
3. Samples
4. Hypotheses

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (1) Analyze and evaluate the data as they relate to the research hypothesis

 

 

33. Which of the following is one term used to describe a single measurement, value, or observation?

 

1. Datum
2. Proportion
3. Sample
4. Population

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (2) Summarize data and report the research results

 

34. A researcher measures the following four exam scores: 90, 95, 80, and 100. An individual grade is called a _______, whereas all grades are called _______.

 

1. sample; population
2. score; data
3. score; average
4. population; sample

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: (2) Summarize data and report the research results

 

 

35. Which of the following is one method of communicating research to others?

 

1. Poster
2. Email to colleague
3. In a paper assigned by your professor
4. Research should not be communicated to others

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: (1) Method of communication

 

36. In psychology and across many other disciplines in the behavioral sciences, which style of communication is most often used?

 

1. APA
2. SFN
3. APS
4. USMC

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: (2) Style of communication

 

37. In psychology, we typically use the style of communication identified by the APA. What does APA stand for?

 

1. American Psychological Association
2. American Psychonomic Affiliation
3. Abridged Psychological Association
4. Affiliated Psychologists of America

LO: 2, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: (2) Style of communication

 

38. Tenacity is a method of knowing based largely on:

 

1. educated guesses.
2. scientific rigor.
3. habit or superstition.
4. constant pressure.

LO: 3, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Tenacity

 

39. ________ is a method of knowing based largely on habit or superstition.

 

1. Intuition
2. Science
3. Empiricism
4. Tenacity

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Tenacity

 

40. A co-worker tells an employee to close up at exactly midnight because that’s when the store always closes. Which method of knowing is illustrated in this example?

 

1. Intuition
2. Tenacity
3. Empiricism
4. Science

LO: 3, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Tenacity

 

41. Intuition is a method of knowing based largely on:

 

1. an individual’s hunch or feeling that something is correct.
2. scientific rigor.
3. habit or superstition.
4. one’s experiences or observations.

LO: 3, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Intuition

 

42. ________ is a method of knowing based largely on an individual’s hunch or feeling that something is correct.

 

1. Intuition
2. Science
3. Empiricism
4. Tenacity

LO: 3, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Intuition

 

43. A fan stays for the last five minutes of a game because he has a hunch that his team is ready to make a comeback. Which method of knowing is illustrated in this example?

 

1. Authority
2. Tenacity
3. Empiricism
4. Intuition

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Tenacity

 

44. Authority is a method of knowing accepted as fact because:

 

1. an individual has a hunch or feeling that something is correct.
2. scientific rigor was applied to find the answer.
3. it was stated by an expert or respected source in a particular subject area.
4. one’s experiences or observations confirm the fact.

LO: 3, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Authority

 

45. ________ is a method of knowing accepted as fact because it was stated by an expert or respected source in a particular subject area.

 

1. Intuition
2. Authority
3. Empiricism
4. Tenacity

LO: 3, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Authority

 

46. You believe that if you don’t read your textbook you will fail your research methods class because your professor said so. Which method of knowing is illustrated in this example?

 

1. Intuition
2. Authority
3. Empiricism
4. Rationalism

LO: 3, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Authority

 

47. Rationalism is a method of knowing:

 

1. that requires the use of reasoning and logic.
2. that applies scientific rigor.
3. because it was stated by an expert in a particular subject area.
4. based on one’s experiences or observations.

LO: 3, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Rationalism

 

48. ________ is a method of knowing that requires the use of reasoning and logic.

 

1. Empiricism
2. Authority
3. Rationalism
4. Tenacity

LO: 3, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Rationalism

 

49. Your friend states that you work too much because you don’t spend enough time with her. Which method of knowing is illustrated in this example?

 

1. Tenacity
2. Authority
3. Empiricism
4. Rationalism

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Rationalism

 

50. Empiricism is a method of knowing based on:

 

1. an individual’s hunch or feeling that something is correct.
2. scientific rigor.
3. habit or superstition.
4. one’s experiences or observations.

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Empiricism

 

51. ________ is a method of knowing based on one’s experiences or observations.

 

1. Authority
2. Empiricism
3. Rationalism
4. Tenacity

LO: 3, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Empiricism

 

52. An audience member knows that a magic trick is an illusion because he saw how the trick was done. Which method of knowing is illustrated in this example?

 

1. Tenacity
2. Authority
3. Empiricism
4. Rationalism

LO: 3, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Empiricism

 

53. Which of the following is a method of acquiring knowledge, according to the textbook?

 

1. Superstition
2. Coincidence
3. Empiricism and rationalism
4. Expertise

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: 1.3 Methods of Knowing

 

54. What are the four goals of science?

 

1. Describe, explain, control, complete
2. Establish, control, predict, describe
3. Describe, explain, predict, control
4. Tenacity, authority, rationalism, prediction

LO: 4, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: 1.4 The Goals of Science

 

55. Which of the four goals of science are specifically met when we define the variables that we will observe and measure?

 

1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

LO: 4, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Describe

 

56. Which of the four goals of science are specifically met when we can identify the conditions or causes for the behaviors or events we study?

 

1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Explain

 

57. Which of the four goals of science are specifically met when we can identify when a behavior or event will occur again in the future?

 

1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

LO: 4, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Predict

 

58. Which of the four goals of science are specifically met when we can isolate the conditions necessary to make a behavior occur or not occur?

 

1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

LO: 4, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Control

 

59. Basic research uses the scientific method to answer questions that address:

 

1. very simple questions.
2. theoretical issues about fundamental processes and underlying mechanisms related to the behaviors and events being studied.
3. questions concerning practical problems with potential practical solutions.
4. questions about individuals who are at a basic level of understanding or competency.

LO: 5, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Basic and applied research

 

60. ________ uses the scientific method to answer questions that address theoretical issues about fundamental processes and underlying mechanisms related to the behaviors and events being studied.

 

1. Non-empirical research
2. Basic research
3. Applied research
4. Non-theoretical research

LO: 5, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Basic and applied research

 

61. A researcher conducts a study to test a prediction made by a theory of learning with the intention of addressing issues related to that theory. What type of research did this researcher conduct?

 

1. Basic research
2. Applied research
3. Qualitative research
4. Quantitative research

LO: 5, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Basic and applied research

 

62. Applied research uses the scientific method to answer questions:

 

1. about how to purchase apps.
2. about theoretical issues for fundamental processes and underlying mechanisms related to the behaviors and events being studied.
3. concerning practical problems with potential practical solutions.
4. that are directly related to the predictions made by theories.

LO: 5, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Basic and applied research

 

63. ________ uses the scientific method to answer questions concerning practical problems with potential practical solutions.

 

1. Non-empirical research
2. Basic research
3. Applied research
4. Impractical research

LO: 5, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Basic and applied research

 

64. A researcher identifies that a certain community has a high rate of obesity. He conducts a study to determine if people would increase their overall activity in that community if a park were built there. What type of research did this researcher conduct?

 

1. Basic research
2. Applied research
3. Qualitative research
4. Quantitative research

LO: 5, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Basic and applied research

 

65. Quantitative research uses the scientific method to:

 

1. record observations as numeric data.
2. make nonnumeric observations, from which conclusions are drawn without the use of statistical analysis.
3. conduct studies that can be completed without the use of statistical analysis.
4. make guesses about scientific phenomena

LO: 6, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Qualitative and quantitative research

 

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Chapter 5

Multiple Choice (59)

1. A population can be ____ group of interest to a researcher.

 

1. any
2. only one
3. only a small
4. only a large

LO: 1, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: 5.1 Why do Researchers Select Samples?

 

2. Using APA guidelines, which term is used to describe any non-human that is subjected to procedures in a research study and to identify the names of research designs?

 

1. Subject
2. Participant
3. Researcher
4. Minion

LO: 2, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: 5.2 Subjects, Participants, and Sampling Methods

 

3. Using APA guidelines, which term is used to describe any human who volunteers to be subjected to the procedures in a research study?

 

1. Researcher
2. Participant
3. Subject
4. Minion

LO: 2, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: 5.2 Subjects, Participants, and Sampling Methods

 

4. A type of population that constitutes all members of a group of interest to a researcher, is called:

 

1. target population.
2. accessible population.
3. sampling frame.
4. population sampling.

LO: 3, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

5. A type of population that constitutes only a portion of all members of a population that can be clearly identified and directly sampled from, is called:

 

1. target population.
2. accessible population.
3. sample.
4. representative sample.

LO: 3, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

6. A researcher identifies professional athletes as a group of interest to test her research hypothesis. She then identifies a few local professional teams and selects a small group of the local athletes to be observed. In this example, the target population is:

 

1. not clearly identified.
2. all professional athletes.
3. the few local professional athletes.
4. the small group of professional athletes who were observed.

LO: 3, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

7. A researcher identifies pet owners as a group of interest to test her hypothesis. She then identifies a few local pet owners and selects a small group of the local pet owners to be observed. In this example, the accessible population is:

 

1. not clearly identified.
2. all pet owners.
3. the few local pet owners.
4. the small group of pet owners who were observed.

LO: 3, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

8. A researcher identifies college students as a group of interest to test her hypothesis. She then identifies a few local college students and selects a small group of the local college students to be observed. In this example, the sample is:

 

1. not clearly identified.
2. all college students.
3. the few local college students.
4. the small group of college students who were observed.

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

9. If researchers want to generalize the results, they observe in a sample to those in the target population, then they need to make certain that the sample is ____ the target population.

 

1. distinguished from
2. removed from
3. the same size as
4. representative of

LO: 3, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

10. A representative sample:

 

1. is always selected using random sampling.
2. is representative of all other samples.
3. resembles characteristics in the target population.
4. is an example of probability but not non-probability sampling.

LO: 3, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

11. Which category of sampling is used when the probability of selecting each individual in a population is known and every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?

 

1. Probability sampling
2. Non-probability sampling
3. Both probability and non-probability sampling could be correct
4. Neither probability nor non-probability sampling could be correct

LO: 4, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Selecting samples from populations

 

12. Which category of sampling is used when it is not possible to select individuals directly from the target population?

 

1. Probability sampling
2. Non-probability sampling
3. Both probability and non-probability sampling could be correct
4. Neither probability nor non-probability sampling could be correct

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: 5.3 Methods of Sampling: Nonprobability Sampling

 

13. Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling method?

 

1. Simple random sampling
2. Stratified random sampling
3. Convenience sampling
4. Chance sampling

LO: 4, Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

14. A method of sampling in which subjects or participants are selected for a research study based on how easy it is to reach or access them and based on their availability to participate, is called:

 

1. probability sampling.
2. simple random sampling.
3. convenience sampling.
4. sampling with replacement.

LO: 4, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

15. To select a sample of children for a behavioral study, a researcher places ads in the local area asking for any parents with children to please consider volunteering for the study. The children of any parents who replied to the ads were included in the sample. What type of sampling method was described in this example?

 

1. Probability sampling
2. Convenience sampling
3. Quota sampling
4. Cluster sampling

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

16. Which of the following phrases best captures the approach of selecting convenience samples?

 

1. “random and ready”
2. “slow and steady”
3. “divide and conquer”
4. “first come, first serve”

LO: 4, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

17. A “participant pool” typically consists of:

 

1. college students.
2. a sum of money.
3. animal colonies.
4. aquatic equipment.

LO: 4, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

18. Which of the following is a drawback to using convenience sampling?

 

1. It is a type of probability sampling method.
2. It ensures that a sample is selected using a random procedure.
3. It allow researchers to select participant who are available.
4. It does not ensure that a sample will be representative of the target population.

LO: 4, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

19. Which of the following is NOT a strategy researchers use to make a convenience sample representative of a larger target population of interest?

 

1. Researchers combine convenience sampling with probability sampling methods.
2. Researchers select subgroups of the population that resemble or represent characteristics in a target population of interest.
3. Researchers select participants based on how available they are to participate.
4. Researchers use quota sampling techniques to select a sample.

LO: 4, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: Convenience sampling

 

20. A method of sampling in which subjects or participants are selected based on known or unknown criteria or characteristics in the target population, is called:

 

1. random sampling.
2. quota sampling.
3. proportionate sampling.
4. systematic sampling.

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

21. A type of quota sampling in which an equal number of subjects or participants are selected for a given characteristic or demographic, is called:

 

1. simple quota sampling.
2. simple random sampling.
3. proportionate random sampling.
4. proportionate quota sampling.

LO: 4, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

22. A researcher in a brain imagining study selects a sample of participants to test for differences in process information speed. The number of men and women in the population was unknown, so the researcher selected an equal number of men and women for her study to ensure that sex was equally represented. Which type of quota sampling was used in this example?

 

1. Proportionate
2. Systematic
3. Random
4. Simple

LO: 4, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

23. A type of quota sampling in which subjects or participants are selected such that the known characteristics or demographics are proportionately represented in the sample, is called:

 

1. simple quota sampling.
2. simple random sampling.
3. proportionate random sampling.
4. proportionate quota sampling.

LO: 4, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

24. A researcher selects a sample of participants to test for differences in employment rates among part-time and full-time teachers. Because there are many more women in teaching jobs than men, the researcher selected more women than men for her study to ensure that it represented the actual distribution of men and women teachers in the job sector. Which type of quota sampling was used in this example?

 

1. Random
2. Systematic
3. Proportionate
4. Simple

LO: 4, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

25. Quota sampling requires selecting subgroups of participants that ____ demographics in the population.

 

1. randomize
2. resemble
3. simplify
4. convolute

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

26. Which type of quota sampling is used when characteristics in a target population are unknown?

 

1. Random
2. Proportionate
3. Systematic
4. Simple

LO: 4, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

27. Which type of quota sampling is used when characteristics in a target population are known?

 

1. Random
2. Proportionate
3. Systematic
4. Simple

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

28. Simple quota sampling is used when characteristics in a target population are ______; proportionate quota sampling is used when characteristics in a target population are ______.

 

1. known; unknown
2. unknown; known
3. systematic; random
4. random; systematic

LO: 4, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Quota sampling

 

29. Which of the following is an example of a probability sampling method except?

 

1. Simple random sampling
2. Systematic sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Quota sampling

LO: 5, Ans: D, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: 5.4 Methods of Sampling: Probability Sampling

 

30. Simple random sampling, systematic sampling, simple and proportionate stratified sampling, and cluster sampling are all examples of:

 

1. probability sampling methods.
2. non-probability sampling methods.
3. convenience sampling methods.
4. sampling with replacement.

LO: 5, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: 5.4 Methods of Sampling: Probability Sampling

 

31. Which of the following identifies a sampling design that is NOT a type of probability sampling method?

 

1. A method of sampling is used such that all individuals in a population have an equal chance of being selected and are selected using sampling with replacement.
2. A method of sampling is used in which participants are selected for a research study based on how easy it is to reach or access them.
3. A method of sampling is used in which the first participant is selected using simple random sampling, and then every nth person is systematically selected until all participants have been selected.
4. A method of sampling is used in which a population is divided into subgroups or strata; participants are then selected from each subgroup using simple random sampling, and combined into one overall sample.

LO: 5, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Analysis, Answer Location: 5.4 Methods of Sampling: Probability Sampling

 

32. A method of sampling subjects and participants such that all individuals in a population have an equal chance of being selected and are selected using sampling with replacement, is called:

 

1. non-probability sampling.
2. simple random sampling.
3. convenience sampling.
4. systematic sampling.

LO: 5, Ans: B, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Simple random sampling

 

33. A researcher selects a sample of participants from a small population by placing all of their names in a hat and selecting their names one at a time, replacing each name after it was selected. What type of sampling method is described in this example?

 

1. Probability sampling
2. Simple random sampling
3. Probability sampling and simple random sampling
4. Convenience sampling

LO: 5, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Simple random sampling

 

34. A professor selects a sample of participants from his class by asking them to “count off” by twos. He selects every student who counted himself or herself as a “one” to participate. Is this procedure an example of simple random sampling?

 

1. Yes, because participants chose their numbers at random.
2. Yes, because the order of counting was randomized.
3. No, because instead a systematic procedure was used.
4. It depends on whether a student was a “one” or a “two”.

LO: 5, Ans: C, Cognitive Domain: Application, Answer Location: Simple random sampling

 

35. For very large populations, sampling without replacement is associated with ____ changes in probabilities from one selection to the next.

 

1. negligible
2. moderate
3. substantial
4. zero

LO: 5, Ans: A, Cognitive Domain: Knowledge, Answer Location: Simple random sampling

 

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