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1. Describe how Freud’s three levels of mental life relate to his concept of the provinces of the mind.
2. Trace the development of both the male and the female phallic stages and explain why Freud believed
that they follow different paths.
3. How does Freud’s early therapeutic technique relate to recent reports of childhood abuse?
4. Freud’s psychoanalysis rests on which two cornerstones?
A. sex and aggression
B. sex and hunger
C. security and safety
D. security and sex
5. Freud saw himself primarily as a
A. psychologist.
B. scientist.
C. philosopher.
D. writer of fiction.
E. general practitioner.
6. Freud’s lifelong optimism and self-confidence may have stemmed from
A. being his mother’s favorite child.
B. his father’s outstanding business success.
C. the death of his younger brother.
D. the presence of much older half-brothers.
7. Since early in his adolescence, Freud had a strong desire to
A. live in the United States.
B. win fame by making a great discovery.
C. treat the poor and destitute of Vienna.
D. practice medicine.
8. Freud’s free association technique evolved from
A. Charcot’s hypnotic technique.
B. his use of cocaine.
C. Breuer’s cathartic method.
D. the periodicity theory of Wilhelm Fliess.
9. Freud abandoned his _______ theory in 1897, the year after his father died.
A. seduction
B. Oedipal
C. dream
D. childhood sexuality
E. anal
10. After World War I, Freud made which revision to his theory of personality?
A. He placed greater emphasis on the aggression instinct.
B. He identified the three levels of mental life.
C. He rejected repression as an ego defense mechanism.
D. He rejected the notion of a female Oedipus complex.
11. Freud began his famous self-analysis
A. at about the time that his father died.
B. as a reaction to his experiences during World War I.
C. as a reaction to the death of his wife.
D. while still a schoolboy.
E. as a reaction to the death of his mother.
12. Among Freud’s personal qualities were
A. a lifelong acceptance and loyalty to those followers who broke away from
psychoanalysis.
B. an inability to learn languages other than German.
C. an unromantic and dispassionate disposition, especially toward his close friends.
D. an intellectual curiosity and high moral courage.
13. The event that eventually led to Freud’s achievement of fame was his
A. partnership with Jung.
B. use of cocaine.
C. insistence on the existence of male hysteria.
D. marriage to Martha Bernays.
E. publication of The Interpretation of Dreams.
14. Freud’s three levels of mental life are
A. unconscious, preconscious, and conscious.
B. id, ego, and superego.
C. aim, object, and impetus.
D. Thanatos, Eros, and Oedipus complexes.
15. According to Freud, most of our mental life is
A. conscious.
B. preconscious.
C. unconscious.
D. a function of the superego.
E. a product of phylogenetic endowment.
16. Freud believed that unconscious ideas
A. influence behavior only when one is aware of them.
B. have no influence on behavior.
C. influence behavior even when one is unaware of them.
D. are learned only after birth.
17. Freud claimed that an important function of repression is to
A. protect a person against the pain of anxiety.
B. convert superego functions into ego functions.
C. protect a person against public disgrace.
D. convert id functions into ego functions.
E. convert ego functions into id functions.
18. Which of these progressions is most consistent with psychoanalytic theory?
A. Anxiety leads to repression, which leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to a reaction
formation.
B.Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to repression, which leads to anxiety, which leads to
suppression of sexual activity.
C.Punishment of a child’s sexual behavior leads to suppression of sexual behavior, which leads to anxiety,
which leads to repression.
D.Anxiety leads to suppression of sexual feelings, which leads to repression, which leads to punishment
of sexual behaviors.
19. Freud’s notion of phylogenetic endowment refers to
A. anatomical differences between the sexes that lead to psychological differences.
B. the physical structure of the brain where the unconscious is located.
C. our ancestor’s experiences that we inherit and that form part of our unconscious.
D. the social rules we learn from our parents that form the superego.
20. According to Freud, ideas that slip in and out of awareness with greater or lesser degrees of ease are
A. unconscious.
B. preconscious.
C. conscious.
D. repressed.
E. censored.
21. Freud held that ideas in the preconscious originate from
A. the conscious.
B. the unconscious.
C. both the conscious and the unconscious.
D. neither the conscious nor the unconscious.
22. Freud believed that the id
A. serves the reality principle.
B. serves the moral or idealistic principle.
C. constantly seeks to increase pleasure and reduce tension.
D. is the executive branch of personality.
E. is reasonable and logical.
23. The id is primarily involved in which of the following activities, according to Freud?
A. solving problems in geometry
B. contemplating the meaning of life
C. thumb-sucking behavior
D. convincing a friend to plant a garden
24. Freud claimed that pleasure-seeking people with no thought of what is reasonable or proper are
dominated by the
A. id.
B. ego.
C. superego.
D. ego-ideal.
25. Freud held that the secondary process functions through
A. the id.
B. the ego.
C. the superego.
D. the conscience.
E. the ego-ideal.
26. According to Freud, the ego is
A. conscious only.
B. preconscious only.
C. unconscious only.
D. conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
E. conscious and preconscious only.
27. Freud believed that the ego begins to evolve from the id soon after birth. While the ego is developing, the
id
A. begins to diminish.
B. develops parallel to the ego.
C. disappears completely.
D. remains stationary.
28. Freud believed that the superego develops from the
A. id.
B. ego.
C. ego-ideal.
D. conscience.
E. preconscious.
29. Freud’s notion of the superego includes
A. conscious and preconscious levels.
B. pleasure and reality principles.
C. the ego and the id.
D. a conscience and an ego-ideal.
30. In psychoanalytic theory, unacceptable drives and impulses are repressed by the
A. id.
B. aggressive drive.
C. superego.
D. ego at the urging of the superego.
E. ego-ideal.
31. According to Freud, which of these region(s) of the mind is (are) in contact with the external world?
A. id
B. ego
C. superego
D. ego and superego
E. id, ego, and superego
32. The superego, said Freud,
A. is rational.
B. strives for perfection.
C. is the executive branch of personality.
D. strives for pleasure.
E. does all of the above.
33. According to Freud, feelings of inferiority stem from the
A. id.
B. ego.
C. superego.
D. conscience.
E. ego-ideal.
34. According to Freud, a guilt-ridden, timid person is most likely dominated by
A. the superego.
B. the ego.
C. the id.
D. the Oedipus complex.
E. phylogenetic endowment.
35. The function that fights against id impulses regardless of what is realistic or possible is what Freud called
the
A. superego.
B. ego.
C. preconscious.
D. conscious.
36. According to Freud, a psychologically healthy person has a dominant
A. id.
B. ego.
C. superego.
D. conscience.
E. ego-ideal.
37. According to Freud, all people possess two major instincts or drives. They are
A. ego and id.
B. id and superego.
C. hunger and safety.
D. self-defense and self-enhancement.
E. sex and aggression.
38. Freud believed that instincts are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
A. depth.
B. impetus.
C. source.
D. aim.
E. object.
39. Freud contended that the object of the sexual instinct is
A. the region of the body in a state of tension.
B. the person or thing that is capable of bringing about sexual pleasure.
C. the amount of force that sexual pleasure exerts on a person.
D. to seek pleasure by removing a state of sexual tension.
E. to seek pleasure by building up a state of sexual tension.
40. Freud called areas of the body especially capable of producing sexual pleasure
A. aim-impetus areas.
B. instinct zones.
C. genital organs.
D. pleasure-principle areas.
E. erogenous zones.
41. A young man gets sexual gratification by kissing and caressing women’s shoes. What statement best
describes this situation, according to Freud?
A. The sexual object has been displaced.
B. The sexual aim has been changed.
C. The path of the sexual instinct is inflexible.
D. The sexual instinct is permanently inhibited.
42. According to Freud, a teenager preoccupied with self and personal appearance is exhibiting
A. primary narcissism.
B. secondary narcissism.
C. aim-inhibited love.
D. moral masochism.
43. Freud called the nonsexual love a child has for a sibling
A. primary narcissism.
B. secondary narcissism.
C. aim-inhibited love.
D. masochism.
44. In Freud’s aim-inhibited love, that which is inhibited is
A. the strength of the drive.
B. the overt, open expression of love.
C. the sexual aspect of the instinct.
D. the aggressive aspect of the instinct.
45. Freud called an expression of both the sexual and the aggressive instinct
A. narcissism.
B. love.
C. superego.
D. masochism.
46. According to Freud, a masochist may receive sexual pleasure from
A. inflicting pain on others.
B. inflicting pain on self.
C. receiving pain inflicted by others.
D. b and c.
47. The aim of Freud’s destructive instinct is
A. self-preservation.
B. self-assertion.
C. self-destruction.
D. self-hatred.
48. Freud regarded precepts such as “Love thy neighbor as thyself” as
A. reaction formations.
B. worthless relics from an ancient religion.
C. expressions of the erotic drive.
D. expressions of neurotic anxiety.
49. According to Freud, the apprehension a person feels when physically threatened is _______ anxiety.
A. realistic
B. neurotic
C. masochistic
D. moral
50. Ashley feels uneasy after violating her personal standards of honesty and cheating on a test. Freud might
suggest that she is suffering from _______ anxiety.
A. aim-inhibited
B. realistic
C. neurotic
D. moral
51. According to Freud, the ego’s dependency on the superego results in
A. basic anxiety.
B. realistic anxiety.
C. neurotic anxiety.
D. moral anxiety.
E. traumatic anxiety.
52. Which anxiety does Freud claim most nearly resembles fear?
A. neurotic
B. traumatic
C. moralistic
D. aim-inhibited
E. None of these is correct.
53. The apprehension one feels while in the presence of a teacher is what Freud called _______ anxiety.
A. neurotic
B. psychotic
C. realistic
D. moral
E. None of these is correct.
54. In psychoanalytic theory, anxiety
A. is produced within, and experienced by, the superego.
B. can mean an impulse threatens to become conscious.
C. is produced by repression.
D. none of these is correct.
E. all of these are correct.
55. Freud held that the pain of anxiety is most likely to result in
A. psychotic behavior.
B. defensive behavior.
C. neurotic behavior.
D. realistic behavior.
56. The use of Freudian defense mechanisms requires an
A. expenditure of psychic energy.
B. extremely strong superego.
C. immediate return to primary narcissism.
D. exposure of the superego to prolonged anxiety.
57. The most basic Freudian defense mechanism is
A. repression.
B. reaction formation.
C. fixation.
D. projection.
E. regression.
58. Which statement is correct, according to Freud?
A. Repression produces anxiety.
B. Anxiety reduces repression.
C. Repression reduces anxiety.
D. All these are correct.
E. None of these is correct.
59. According to Freud’s theory, anxiety
A. results from repression of libidinal impulses.
B. represents one type of defense mechanism.
C. instigates repression.
D. is a property of the superego.
E. is felt by the id.
60. A mother who has deep-seated hostility toward her only child but who shows overprotection and hyperconcern for the physical well being of her child illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
A. identification
B. displacement
C. projection
D. reaction formation
E. sublimation
61. Madison is frequently berated by his domineering employer. Madison is too timid to confront his
employer, but he takes out his frustration by mistreating his dog, children, and wife. According to Freud,
this is an example of
A. reaction formation.
B. identification.
C. projection.
D. displacement.
E. regression.
62. Robin protects herself against the threat of change by constantly clinging to objects and behaviors left
from her early childhood. It thus appears that Robin is relying primarily on which Freudian defense
mechanism?
A. reaction formation
B. fixation
C. projection
D. regression
E. sublimation
63. Amy, an 18-month-old child, resorts to taking her baby sister’s bottle even though she has previously
been weaned. This behavior illustrates which Freudian defense mechanism?
A. stubbornness
B. fixation
C. repression
D. regression
64. Seeing deficiencies in others that one unconsciously feels within oneself is an example of which Freudian
defense mechanism?
A. reaction formation
B. undoing
C. projection
D. isolation
65. When carried to extremes, which Freudian defense mechanism can become paranoid behavior?
A. reaction formation
B. rationalization
C. fixation
D. projection
66. An example of Freud’s notion of projection might be
A. “Things will be better tomorrow”.
B. “The only reason I failed is because I had a headache”.
C. “I like him fine, but for some reason he hates me”.
D. “I didn’t really want that job anyway”.
67. A man goes into a gay bar and initiates a fight with a homosexual man as a result of his own unconscious
homosexual impulses. This is an example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
A. sublimation
B. introjection
C. fixation
D. projection
68. Tyler greatly admires his geometry teacher and tries to copy his mannerisms and lifestyle. This is an
example of which Freudian defense mechanism?
A. introjection
B. fixation
C. projection
D. sublimation
69. Which of the following distinguishes sublimation from the other Freudian defense mechanisms?
A. Sublimation is directly related to the superego.
B. Sublimation is always destructive.
C. Sublimation is constructive to society.
D. Sublimation involves the Oedipus complex.
70. The transformation of instinctual drives into socially productive forces such as art, science, and religion is
what Freud called
A. regression.
B. rationalization.
C. sublimation.
D. acting out.
E. isolation.
71. The paintings and sculpture of Michelangelo best exemplify Freud’s concept of
A. Thanatos.
B. regression.
C. paranoia.
D. sublimation.
72. Freud’s oral-sadistic stage is characterized by
A. early attempts at toilet training.
B. unambivalent feelings toward the mother.
C. the emergence of teeth.
D. rivalry toward younger siblings.
E. rivalry toward one or both parents.
73. The principle source of frustration during Freud’s anal phase is
A. weaning.
B. learning to dress one’s self.
C. toilet training.
D. suppression of masturbation.
74. Freud hypothesized that a permissive, accepting attitude of parents during toilet training is likely to lead
to which behaviors as the child grows to adulthood?
A. generosity and benevolence
B. stubbornness, compulsiveness, and miserliness
C. masochism and/or sadism
D. sexual dysfunction and aggression
75. A compulsively neat person who is also stubborn and miserly is what Freud called an
A. oral-receptive character.
B. oral-sadistic character.
C. anal character.
D. ego-defense character.
76. The classical Freudian anal character possesses all of the following traits EXCEPT for?
A. orderliness
B. passivity
C. obstinacy
D. stinginess
77. According to Freud, male and female personality development is
A. similar until the phallic stage.
B. similar until the genital stage.
C. different during the anal stage.
D. different during the oral stage.
78. Freud believed that boys and girls have a different psychosexual development because of
A. cultural influences.
B. parental attitudes.
C. fantasies that originate soon after birth.
D. anatomical differences between the genders.
E. hormonal differences between the genders.
79. Freud claimed that during the Oedipal period, a boy
A. feels sexual love only toward his father.
B. feels sexual love only toward his mother.
C. may feel sexual love toward each parent.
D. is not capable of sexual love toward either parent.
80. According to Freud, a boy who feels strong hostility toward his father and sexual love for his mother is
experiencing
A. moral masochism.
B. the simple male Oedipus complex.
C. the complete Oedipus complex.
D. the castration complex.
E. penis envy.
81. Freud held that castration anxiety
A. results in penis envy.
B. dissolves the male Oedipus complex.
C. dissolves the female Oedipus complex.
D. triggers penis envy, which then dissolves the female Oedipus complex.
82. According to Freud, normally, in post-Oedipal identification with his father, a boy
A. accepts homosexual feelings toward his father.
B. rejects the hated and feared father.
C. wants to be his father.
D. identifies with his father’s morals and ideals.
83. Freud said that in girls, the castration complex
A. shatters the Oedipus complex.
B. takes the form of penis envy.
C. precedes the Oedipus complex.
D. b and c
