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Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 24) Sociobiologists study the _____ aspect of human sexual behavior.
A. sociocultural
B. normative
C. evolutionary
D. quantum
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
2. (p. 24) Which of the following is true of sociobiology?
A. It is based on the assumption that human sexuality is the result of culture alone.
B. It tries to explain why certain patterns of behavior have evolved in humans.
C. It assumes that people are entirely free and responsible for developing their own potential.
D. It creates a framework within which the economic stratification of society can be studied.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
3. (p. 24) _____ is the biological theory which states that all living things have acquired their
present forms through gradual changes in their genetic endowment over successive
generations.
A. Existentialism
B. Positivism
C. Evolution
D. Structuralism
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-2
4. (p. 24) Evolution occurs via _____, the process by which the animals that are best adapted to
their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes to the next
generation.
A. existentialism
B. cultural relativism
C. communal integration
D. natural selection
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
5. (p. 24) _____ is a process in nature resulting in the survival of only those animals and persons
that are best adapted to their environment.
A. Existentialism
B. Natural selection
C. Structural functionalism
D. Environmentalism
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
6. (p. 24) Which of the following is true of natural selection?
A. It applies only to plants.
B. It applies only to humans.
C. It applies to all inanimate objects found in nature.
D. It applies to all living organisms found in nature.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-3
7. (p. 24) Sociobiologists suggest that the characteristics used to judge a person’s attractiveness,
like their physique and complexion, are related to the person’s _____.
A. social status
B. superego
C. extrinsic values
D. reproductive potential
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
8. (p. 25) According to sociobiologists, which of the following is true of the pair-bond?
A. The pair-bond has no significance in contemporary societies.
B. The pair-bond exists only between humans in primitive societies.
C. If strong, the pair-bond between the offspring’s parents increases its chances of survival.
D. If weak, the pair-bond between the offspring’s parents increases its chances of survival.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
9. (p. 25) Which of the following is true of the attachment between an infant and a parent?
A. It has no significance in contemporary societies.
B. It is a biological mechanism that reduces infant vulnerability.
C. It applies only to parents belonging to primitive societies.
D. It has no impact upon the infant’s chances of survival.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
10. (p. 25-26) Parental investment:
A. is rarely beneficial to infants raised in primitive societies.
B. damages an infant’s chances of survival in contemporary societies.
C. refers to the number of offspring that parents can produce each year.
D. refers to the resources committed to offspring to ensure their survival.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-4
11. (p. 26) _____ is the mechanism identified by Darwin which explains how males and females
chose their mates.
A. Sexual selection
B. Environmentalism
C. Gender relativism
D. Structural functionalism
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
12. (p. 26) Which of the following is the most commonly observed process of sexual selection?
A. Females competing amongst themselves to bear the most number of offspring.
B. Males selecting certain females to mate with while refusing to do so with others.
C. Males competing with each other for the right to access and mate with females.
D. Females competing with each other for the right to access and mate with males.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
13. (p. 26) Which of the following is a shortcoming of sociobiology?
A. It rests on an outmoded model of evolutionary theory.
B. It includes the survival of the group in its analysis.
C. It fails to value the importance of reproduction in survival.
D. it doesn’t study the mating preferences of females.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
14. (p. 26) Which of the following does sociobiology ignore?
A. The role played by the group in survival.
B. The mating preferences of males.
C. The individual’s struggle in survival.
D. The mating preferences of females.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-5
15. (p. 26) Sociobiology has been criticized because:
A. it doesn’t take the evolution of mankind into account.
B. it assumes that reproduction is the central function of sex.
C. it believes that humans are ruled by their unconscious minds.
D. it doesn’t study the mating preferences of females.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
16. (p. 26) Which of the following is true about a woman’s hip-to-waist ratio?
A. The preference for a 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio by men is hardwired into their brains by
evolution.
B. The preference for a 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio by men has been proven to exist across all
cultures.
C. The 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio is most common in societies where women are economically
dependent on men.
D. The 0.7 hip-to-waist ratio is most common in societies where women are financially
sustainable.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
17. (p. 26) _____ is the study of the psychological mechanisms that have been shaped by natural
selection.
A. Environmental psychology
B. Structural functionalism
C. Evolutionary psychology
D. Cultural relativism
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-6
18. (p. 26) Which of the following is true of evolutionary psychology?
A. It doesn’t recognize that every observable human characteristic has adaptive significance.
B. It allows for the fact that some traits displayed by humans may be simply “design flaws”.
C. It believes that human cognitive structures evolved over the years just as human behavior
did.
D. It believes that men and women are identical when it comes to their mating preferences.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
19. (p. 27) Evolutionary psychology has been criticized because:
A. it doesn’t give weight to the fact that emotional structures have evolved like human
behavior.
B. it assumes that every characteristic that we observe must have some adaptive significance.
C. it allows for the fact that some traits displayed by humans may be simply “design flaws”.
D. it believes that men and women are identical when it comes to their mating preferences.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
20. (p. 27) The psychoanalytic theory was proposed by _____.
A. Sigmund Freud
B. B. F. Skinner
C. Ivan Pavlov
D. Edward Thorndike
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
21. (p. 27) Freud’s term for sex drive or sex energy is _____.
A. thanatos
B. superego
C. id
D. libido
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-7
22. (p. 27) Freud’s term for the death instinct is _____.
A. thanatos
B. fatalism
C. determinism
D. anima
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
23. (p. 27) Freud believed that the two major forces of motivating human behavior are the:
A. libido and thanatos.
B. id and ego.
C. ego and superego.
D. Odiepal and Electra complex.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
24. (p. 27) According to Freud, which component of human personality operates on the pleasure
principle?
A. Ego
B. Id
C. Superego
D. Libido
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
25. (p. 27) Which of the following is true of the id according to Freud?
A. It operates on the reality principle.
B. It operates on idealism.
C. It is present only during adulthood.
D. It is a reservoir of psychic energy.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-8
26. (p. 27) According to Freud, which component of the human personality operates on the
reality principle?
A. Ego
B. Id
C. Superego
D. Thanatos
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
27. (p. 27) Which of the following is true of the ego according to Freud?
A. It operates on the pleasure principle.
B. It keeps the id in check.
C. It prevents people from being rational.
D. It is a reservoir of psychic energy.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
28. (p. 27) According to Freud, which component of the human personality operates on
idealism?
A. Ego
B. Id
C. Superego
D. Thanatos
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
29. (p. 27) Which of the following is true of the superego according to Freud?
A. It operates on the reality principle.
B. It operates on the pleasure principle.
C. It is present only during infancy.
D. It functions as the conscience.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-9
30. (p. 27) According to Freud, which of the following is true of human personality?
A. The id operates on idealism.
B. The ego is the reservoir of psychic energy.
C. The id focuses on rational, realistic interactions.
D. The superego persuades the ego to strive for moral goals.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
31. (p. 27) Within the Freudian framework, a nun who takes a vow of celibacy and devotes her
life to helping the poor has a:
A. weak ego.
B. strong id.
C. weak superego.
D. strong superego.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
32. (p. 27) Within the Freudian framework, a married man who has an extramarital affair even
though he believes it is immoral has:
A. a strong id.
B. a strong ego.
C. a strong superego.
D. a weak id.
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-10
33. (p. 27) Mary is on a business trip and meets an old friend she dated in college. She finds that
she is still attracted to him, and something inside her tells her “Go ahead. Invite him up to
your room and ravish him.” However, Mary is happily married with two young and adorable
children. Mary and her old friend end up chatting for a while and then go their separate ways.
Which part of Mary’s personality prevailed in this situation?
A. Id
B. Thanatos
C. Superego
D. Libido
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
34. (p. 27) According to Freud, the id, ego, and superego:
A. develop sequentially.
B. develop simultaneously.
C. are functional from birth.
D. are present only in males.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
35. (p. 28) Which of the following is true of erogenous zones?
A. They are areas of the body that are completely insensate.
B. They are areas of the body that give pleasure when touched.
C. They are present only in males but not in females.
D. They are present only in females but not in males.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-11
36. (p. 28) According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, the first stage of psychosexual
development a child goes through is the _____ stage.
A. phallic
B. anal
C. oral
D. genital
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
37. (p. 28) According to Freud, during the ____ stage of psychosexual development, the child’s
interest is focused on elimination.
A. latent
B. phallic
C. anal
D. oral
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
38. (p. 28) Freud believed that a child passes through a sequence of stages of psychosexual
development. The stage where boys and girls have considerably different experiences is the
_____ stage.
A. oral
B. anal
C. phallic
D. rectal
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-12
39. (p. 28) The phallic stage:
A. occurs before the oral stage.
B. is experienced only by girls.
C. is marked by the Odiepal complex.
D. is marked by oral fixation.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
40. (p. 28) According to Freud, which of the following is true of the phallic stage?
A. It is the stage during which a child is focused on elimination.
B. It is the stage during which a boy feels castration anxiety.
C. It is the stage during which a girl displays hostility toward her father.
D. It is the stage during which a boy displays hostility toward his mother.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
41. (p. 28) The Oedipal Complex:
A. is resolved at the end of the phallic stage.
B. occurs before the oral stage.
C. is resolved at the end of the oral stage.
D. occurs during the oral stage.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
42. (p. 28) According to Freud, the _____ complex is the sexual attraction of a little girl for her
father.
A. Oedipal
B. Electra
C. Thanatos
D. Superego
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-13
43. (p. 28) According to Freud, during the phallic stage of development, a girl is likely to
experience _____, which is part of the Electra complex.
A. penis envy
B. castration anxiety
C. oral fixation
D. anal envy
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
44. (p. 28) According to Freud, identification with the same-gender parent occurs at the
conclusion of the _____ stage of psychosexual development.
A. anal
B. oral
C. rectal
D. phallic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
45. (p. 28) After the resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex, children pass into a
prolonged stage known as _____.
A. cadency
B. latency
C. potency
D. exigency
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-14
46. (p. 28) According to Freud, during the _____, sexual impulses are repressed or are in a
quiescent stage.
A. phallic stage
B. genital stage
C. refractory period
D. latency period
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
47. (p. 28) What does contemporary research say about Freud’s theory of latency?
A. Modern research shows that girls become father-fixated during this period.
B. Modern research shows that boys become mother-fixated during this period.
C. Modern research shows that children repress their sexual curiosity during this period.
D. Modern research shows that children continue to express sexual curiosity during this
period.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
48. (p. 28) According to Freud, with puberty, sexual urges reawaken and the child moves into
the _____ stage of psychosexual development.
A. genital
B. oral
C. anal
D. phallic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Chapter 02 – Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality
2-15
49. (p. 28) According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, a person who is addicted to smoking
cigarettes is fixated at the _____ stage.
A. phallic
B. anal
C. oral
D. latency
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
50. (p. 28) From a scientific point of view, one of the major problems with the psychoanalytic
theory is that:
A. it doesn’t take the sexuality of children into account.
B. most of its concepts cannot be evaluated empirically.
C. it assumes that men are inferior to women, since they lack wombs.
D. it is applicable only to women and not to men.
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
51. (p. 29) Freud was criticized by feminists because:
A. he believed that girls were fixated on their mothers during the phallic stage.
B. he considered women to be biologically inferior to men.
C. he studied the sexual desires and preferences of women and not men.
D. he believed that boys were hostile toward their mothers during the phallic stage.
